本文選題：緊急狀態(tài) + 頻率穩(wěn)定�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復(fù)雜,使系統(tǒng)隱性故障和連鎖故障發(fā)生的概率不斷增多,解列事故頻發(fā)；特別對(duì)于受端電網(wǎng),解列事故會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)失去重要輸電通道或聯(lián)絡(luò)線,出現(xiàn)大容量功率缺額,如果系統(tǒng)緊急控制措施有限,就很可能發(fā)生系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)。頻率崩潰是造成系統(tǒng)大范圍停電的重要原因之一,近些年發(fā)生的多起電網(wǎng)崩潰都有頻率失穩(wěn)的因素。 本文結(jié)合國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(50837002)課題“集中決策與分布實(shí)現(xiàn)相協(xié)調(diào)的大電網(wǎng)后備保護(hù)系統(tǒng)研究”,深入系統(tǒng)地開(kāi)展了“電力系統(tǒng)緊急狀態(tài)下切負(fù)荷控制策略研究”的論文工作,主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新性成果如下： 分析系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的分類及對(duì)應(yīng)采取的安全控制措施的基礎(chǔ)上,深入研究了系統(tǒng)緊急狀態(tài)的特征；以構(gòu)建的單機(jī)帶負(fù)荷系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,建立了包括系統(tǒng)頻率、電壓和功角狀態(tài)變量的代數(shù)微分方程組；借助Matlab編程求解系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和緊急狀態(tài)下的狀態(tài)方程,仿真系統(tǒng)分別受到有功、無(wú)功功率擾動(dòng)時(shí),系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的變化情況。提出了預(yù)防控制與緊急控制作用相結(jié)合的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定控制框架；電力系統(tǒng)受到大的有功擾動(dòng),預(yù)測(cè)和判斷系統(tǒng)是否將進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)具有關(guān)鍵作用,進(jìn)而及時(shí)地采取切負(fù)荷等有效控制措施,阻止系統(tǒng)中有功、無(wú)功功率平衡的破壞和維護(hù)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。 基于發(fā)電機(jī)有功功率擾動(dòng)和頻率變化之間的轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動(dòng)平衡方程,分析建立了單機(jī)系統(tǒng)的負(fù)荷頻率控制原理框圖,進(jìn)而擴(kuò)展到多機(jī)及多分區(qū)系統(tǒng)的頻率響應(yīng)建模研究；構(gòu)建了考慮調(diào)速器、自動(dòng)發(fā)電控制和聯(lián)絡(luò)線功率偏差控制的系統(tǒng)頻率響應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型圖,推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)受擾后頻率軌跡變化的方程,用于研究系統(tǒng)的頻率穩(wěn)定變化。研究表明,擾動(dòng)初期的頻率變化率只與系統(tǒng)初始的不平衡功率有關(guān),功率缺額越大,頻率下降速度越快；系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)頻率偏差受到功率缺額和頻率調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)的共同影響；頻率的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程不僅和有功缺額的大小有關(guān),與擾動(dòng)位置,電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)都是密切相關(guān)的。 建立了具有緊急控制作用模塊的系統(tǒng)頻率響應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型,包括系統(tǒng)參數(shù),頻率保護(hù)的門檻值,系統(tǒng)的受擾功率,緊急控制措施和互聯(lián)線路的潮流變化對(duì)頻率穩(wěn)定的影響。利用建立的地區(qū)系統(tǒng)頻率響應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型,從中長(zhǎng)期的角度預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)受擾后頻率的軌跡變化和頻率穩(wěn)定控制的可行性。提出了一個(gè)新自適應(yīng)UFLS控制策略,所建立的系統(tǒng)頻率響應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型應(yīng)用于系統(tǒng)緊急控制和保護(hù)策略的制定；新策略考慮和低頻調(diào)速及系統(tǒng)備用容量的快速釋放相協(xié)調(diào),根據(jù)系統(tǒng)擾動(dòng)自適應(yīng)地確定減負(fù)荷的數(shù)量和動(dòng)作級(jí)數(shù),避免了負(fù)荷的過(guò)切或欠切；在考慮切負(fù)荷地點(diǎn)時(shí),采取就地平衡擾動(dòng)功率的原則,避免潮流轉(zhuǎn)移引起級(jí)聯(lián)事故的發(fā)生。 在研究影響系統(tǒng)頻率和頻率變化率測(cè)量的因素基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)受擾后的有功功率缺額與頻率變化率之間的準(zhǔn)確函數(shù)關(guān)系式。進(jìn)一步,在電壓靈敏度分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了利用電壓靈敏度確定切負(fù)荷地點(diǎn)與相應(yīng)切負(fù)荷量的自適應(yīng)切負(fù)荷控制策略,目的在于考慮切負(fù)荷過(guò)程中,有效恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)有功平衡的同時(shí),最大限度的實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)功的就地平衡；在系統(tǒng)的脆弱點(diǎn),即電壓和頻率下降更多或無(wú)功需求更大的地點(diǎn)切負(fù)荷,可以提高系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定邊緣,降低了系統(tǒng)崩潰的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。提出的切負(fù)荷策略有更強(qiáng)的自適應(yīng)性,是切負(fù)荷量,切負(fù)荷地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作時(shí)間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,能夠考慮系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞淖兓?更有利于系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的恢復(fù),有應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢(shì)和價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The network frame structure of the current interconnected power grid is more and more complex , so that the probability of the hidden trouble of the system and the occurrence of the chain fault is increased , and the accident frequency is solved ;
Especially for the power - receiving network , the breakdown accident will cause the system to lose important power transmission channel or contact line , the large - capacity power shortage occurs , and if the system emergency control measures are limited , the system instability can occur . The frequency collapse is one of the important causes of the large - scale power failure of the system .

Combined with the research on the centralized decision - making and distribution of the National Natural Science Foundation ( 50837002 ) , this paper systematically carries out the paper ' s work on the research on the control strategy of power system emergency , and the main innovative results are as follows :

Based on the classification of the running state of the system and the corresponding safety control measures , the characteristics of the emergency state of the system are further studied .
An algebraic differential equation group including system frequency , voltage and work angle state variables is established based on the constructed single - machine band - load system .
In this paper , the state equation of system steady operation and state of emergency is solved by Matlab programming , and the simulation system is affected by active and reactive power disturbance , and the change of system operating state is presented . A system stabilization control framework combining prevention control and emergency control is proposed .
Whether the power system is subjected to large active disturbance , predict and judge whether the system will enter the state of emergency has a key role , so as to take effective control measures such as cutting load in a timely manner , prevent the damage of active and reactive power balance in the system and maintain the stability of the system .

Based on the rotor motion balance equation between active power disturbance and frequency change of generator , the principle block diagram of load frequency control of single - machine system is analyzed , and the frequency response modeling of multi - machine and multi - partition system is extended .
The dynamic model diagram of the system frequency response considering governor , automatic power generation control and contact line power deviation control is constructed . The equation for the change of frequency locus of the system is derived , which is used to study the frequency stability change of the system . The research shows that the frequency change rate at the initial stage of disturbance is only related to the initial unbalanced power of the system , the larger the power shortage , the faster the frequency decreases .
The steady - state frequency deviation of the system is influenced by the power shortage and the frequency regulation effect .
The dynamic process of frequency is not only related to the magnitude of active default , but also closely related to disturbance position and grid structure .

The dynamic model of the frequency response of the system with the emergency control function module is established , including the system parameters , the threshold value of frequency protection , the disturbed power of the system , the emergency control measures and the trend change of the interconnection line on the frequency stability .
The new strategy is coordinated with the fast release of the low frequency speed regulation and the reserve capacity of the system . According to the system disturbance , the quantity of the load shedding and the number of action series are determined adaptively , so that the over - cutting or undercutting of the load is avoided ;
In consideration of the duty station , the principle of balanced disturbance power is adopted to avoid the occurrence of cascade accidents .

Based on the factors affecting system frequency and frequency change rate measurement , the exact function relation between active power shortage and frequency change rate is derived . Based on the analysis of voltage sensitivity , a self - adaptive load shedding control strategy is proposed to determine the load location and corresponding load load using voltage sensitivity .
It can improve the voltage stability margin of the system and reduce the risk of system crash . The proposed load strategy has stronger adaptability , it is a function relation of load load , load location and action time , which can take into account the change of the network topology of the system , which is more beneficial to the recovery of system stability , and has the advantage and value of application .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM73

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本文編號(hào)：1757308