本文選題：直線壓縮機　切入點：直線振動電機　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：出于節(jié)能與環(huán)保的要求,利用直線振蕩電機驅(qū)動的直線壓縮機成為下一代家用冰箱壓縮機替代機型的研究熱點。針對直線壓縮機的設(shè)計要求和難點,本文利用多種現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法,展開了關(guān)于動磁鐵式直線壓縮機設(shè)計及優(yōu)化的研究。 首先為了便于制造、減小氣隙磁阻,對Redlich型直線振蕩電機進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn),由典型的動磁式變?yōu)閯哟盆F式�；跈C電耦合系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)分析理論,確立了直線壓縮機的動態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方案,并根據(jù)研究需要,進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)建模。為了對直線振蕩電機進(jìn)行靜態(tài)分析,建立了Redlich型動磁鐵式直線振蕩電機的磁路模型和三維電磁場有限元模型；為了對壓縮機進(jìn)行動態(tài)分析,針對直線壓縮機的安置方式,將壓縮機的機械系統(tǒng)簡化為一個雙質(zhì)量、雙自由度的受迫阻尼振動模型,并與電路系統(tǒng)相耦合,建立了直線壓縮機的機電耦合模型；為了對壓縮機進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,建立了兩種分別以電機總成本和零件體積為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的直線振蕩電機整體優(yōu)化模型。 利用磁路分析和有限元仿真計算的方法對動磁鐵式直線振蕩電機的靜態(tài)特性進(jìn)行定性和定量的研究。通過求解壓縮機的磁路模型方程組,給出了磁鏈、電磁力、電感等電機參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,定性地分析了電機結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、材料性能參數(shù)以及電流和動子位移對靜態(tài)特性的影響；通過求解壓縮機的有限元模型,對電機內(nèi)的電磁場進(jìn)行了分析,精確計算了磁鏈和電磁力,并對磁路分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比和修正。 為保障直線壓縮機的安全運行,針對Redlich型直線振蕩電機中釹鐵硼材料在高溫和交變磁場作用下的防失磁設(shè)計進(jìn)行了研究。對永磁體在工作溫度下的最大去磁工作點進(jìn)行了計算,推導(dǎo)了利用常溫下永磁材料性能間接計算工作溫度下的拐點位置的計算方法,并給出了永磁體失磁的判定公式,為電機結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供了一個必要的安全約束條件。 采用狀態(tài)方程法和電磁場有限元分析相結(jié)合的仿真方法,對動磁鐵式直線壓縮機的動態(tài)特性展開了理論與仿真實驗研究。對直線壓縮機在空載、負(fù)載和撞缸等不同工作狀態(tài)下的運行進(jìn)行了仿真模擬,建立了電壓特性曲線和頻率特性曲線,從而能夠?qū)χ本�壓縮機的工作性能和動力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行預(yù)測；根據(jù)對頻率特性曲線的分析,確定了利用調(diào)節(jié)頻率的方式改進(jìn)壓縮機性能的基本準(zhǔn)則；并分析了彈簧剛度、動子質(zhì)量、汽缸直徑、動子平衡位置等參數(shù)對壓縮機性能的影響,為壓縮機結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和性能改進(jìn)提供了參考數(shù)據(jù)。 綜合考慮壓縮機性能和生產(chǎn)成本的要求,利用多種現(xiàn)代設(shè)計理論和方法對直線壓縮機的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。利用動力學(xué)分析求解了直線振蕩電機整體優(yōu)化模型,對電機的永磁體和線圈進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化；利用電磁場有限元分析,對電機磁軛結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,并對永磁體襯套的材料選擇提出了建議；利用結(jié)構(gòu)有限元分析和模態(tài)分析對彈簧支架的力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了分析,并根據(jù)分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。 最后,成功制造了一臺壓縮機樣機,建立直線壓縮機的性能測試系統(tǒng),以空氣為壓縮工質(zhì),對樣機在空載、負(fù)載、串聯(lián)電容等不同狀況下的性能進(jìn)行測試,并與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析。實驗測試結(jié)果表明,在排氣壓力為6bar的負(fù)載狀況下,測量得到樣機的比功率為7-9kW/(m3/min),說明樣機具有很好的節(jié)能性能；對壓縮機系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行動態(tài)參數(shù)識別,初步測量計算了系統(tǒng)的等效阻尼系數(shù)；并對兩種不同牌號的釹鐵硼永磁體進(jìn)行了失磁實驗。
[Abstract]:For energy saving and environmental protection requirements, the use of linear compressor driven by linear motor has become a research hotspot of alternative models for the next generation of domestic refrigerator compressor. According to the design requirements of linear compressor and difficulty, this paper use a variety of modern design theory and method on the research carried out the design and optimization of moving magnet type linear compressor.
First, in order to facilitate the manufacture, reducing the air gap reluctance to Redlich type linear oscillatory motor were improved, by moving magnet into a moving magnet. The typical electromechanical coupling dynamic system analysis based on the theory, established the dynamic optimization design of linear compressor, and according to the need of research and mathematical modeling. In order to perform static analysis the linear oscillation motor, the Redlich type moving magnet type linear oscillatory motor magnetic circuit model and finite element model; for the dynamic analysis on the compressor for the linear compressor arrangement mode, the mechanical system of the compressor is reduced to a double mass, forced vibration model of double degree of freedom coupling and with the circuit system, established the electromechanical coupling model of linear compressor; in order to optimize the design of the compressor, established two respectively to the motor assembly and parts The volume for the optimization objectives of the overall optimization of linear oscillation motor model.
Study on the method of using the magnetic circuit analysis and finite element simulation qualitatively and quantitatively on the static characteristics of moving magnet linear oscillation motor. By magnetic circuit model equation of compressor, gives the flux, electromagnetic force, mathematical expressions of parameters of inductance motor, make the analysis of motor structure parameters, material parameters and performance the current and the influence of dynamic sub displacement on static characteristic; through the finite element solution of compressor model, electromagnetic field of the motor was analyzed, the flux and the electromagnetic force is calculated accurately, and the magnetic circuit analysis results were compared and corrected.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the linear compressor, on the design of the anti magnetic NdFeB material Redlich type linear oscillatory motor in high temperature and under alternating magnetic field of permanent magnet in the working temperature of the maximum demagnetizing working point is calculated under normal temperature is deduced by the performance of permanent magnetic materials indirect position inflection point calculation of temperature calculation method, and gives the formula of the demagnetization of permanent magnets, provides a necessary condition for the security constrained optimal design of the motor structure.
The simulation method of the state equation method and finite element analysis unifies, carried out theoretical and experimental study and Simulation on dynamic characteristics of moving magnet type linear compressor. The linear compressor in no-load, load and hit the cylinder under different working conditions of operation of the simulation, a voltage characteristic curve and frequency characteristic curve thus, able to work performance and dynamic characteristics of linear compressor prediction; based on the analysis of frequency characteristic curve, to determine the basic criterion for improving compressor performance by adjusting the frequency of the way; and analyzes the spring stiffness, the mass of the rotor, cylinder diameter, impact dynamic equilibrium position and other parameters on the performance of the compressor. Provide reference data for the compressor structure optimization and performance improvement.
Considering the compressor performance and production cost, optimize the structure of linear compressor using a variety of modern design theory and method. By using the dynamic analysis to solve the optimization model of linear oscillation motor, permanent magnet motor and coils were optimized; by finite element analysis, the motor yoke structure was optimized. And put forward suggestions for material selection of permanent magnet bushing; analyzing the mechanical properties of the spring bracket by using finite element analysis and modal, and optimized according to the analysis results.
Finally, the successful manufacture of a compressor performance test system, establish a linear compressor, air compressed refrigerant, the prototype in no-load, load, etc. the performance of series capacitor under different conditions were tested and compared with the simulation results. The experimental results show that, in the exhaust pressure load condition 6bar next, the measured prototype than the power of 7-9kW/ (m3/min), that the prototype has good energy conservation performance; dynamic parameter identification of the compressor system, preliminary measuring and calculating the equivalent damping coefficient of the system; and two kinds of different grades of NdFeB permanent magnet magnetic experiment are carried out.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM925.21

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