本文選題：全要素生產(chǎn)率　切入點(diǎn)：電力生產(chǎn)　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文選取1998年-2007年電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)層面的數(shù)據(jù),對電力行業(yè)體制改革及其后八年的發(fā)電企業(yè)發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行微觀測量。通過實(shí)證研究測度電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)在此區(qū)間全要素生產(chǎn)率的變化,嘗試探討體制改革對電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的影響,并對后續(xù)的改革提供思路及建議。本文首先通過新中國建立后至今的中國電力行業(yè)企業(yè)的所有權(quán)變化,政府監(jiān)管職能變化等角度,對電力生產(chǎn)市場化改革劃分為嘗試與深化兩個階段分別進(jìn)行觀察。本文從樣本量較大,數(shù)據(jù)較為完備的中國工業(yè)企業(yè)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)庫中選取了電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)1999年-2007年這8年間的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,分別使用了傳統(tǒng)最小二乘估計、面板固定效應(yīng)模型、Olley Pakes方法和Levinsohn Petriny方法進(jìn)行橫向?qū)Ρ确治觥Ｔ诰唧w實(shí)證過程中嘗試通過區(qū)分所有權(quán)來分別對國有控股電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和非國有控股電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)做出觀察,并針對電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)的4個細(xì)分子行業(yè)進(jìn)行了深入的觀察。并針對電力行業(yè)市場化改革的具體推進(jìn)情況,對實(shí)證分析結(jié)果劃分為兩階段進(jìn)行縱向?qū)Ρ确治�。通過以上的微觀觀察,嘗試探討電力體制改革從嘗試到具體推行后對我國電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響,并試圖刻畫出全要素生產(chǎn)率的變化情況及其原因。本文通過對電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的估算,結(jié)合實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行分析后得出的研究結(jié)果表明。在電力行業(yè)從嘗試到推行市場化改革后的兩個階段來看,無論是電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)整體來看,還是從區(qū)分所有制的情況以及深入到各細(xì)分子行業(yè)來看,其全要素生產(chǎn)率確實(shí)都得到了提高,然而提高的速度較為緩慢且平穩(wěn),說明改革對電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響并不明顯或尚未表現(xiàn)出來。另外,國有控股電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)與非國有控股電力生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率雖然較低,但是開始出現(xiàn)收斂的趨勢,而非國有控股企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率在階段末期增速極大放緩的情況可能是改革推進(jìn)不徹底所致。另外從細(xì)分子行業(yè)的情況來看,水力發(fā)電與火力發(fā)電企業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率增速相當(dāng)平穩(wěn)且緩慢,而核力發(fā)電與其他能源發(fā)電的全要素生產(chǎn)率則表現(xiàn)出較為劇烈的波動。對于核力發(fā)電來說,其主要受政府管制,受政策影響較大。而對于其他能源等新能源發(fā)電,得益于全球技術(shù)擴(kuò)散及政府的大力補(bǔ)貼扶持,雖然經(jīng)歷了周期性的衰退但是很快恢復(fù)并繼續(xù)增長。本文通過實(shí)證結(jié)果與實(shí)際相結(jié)合,得出電力行業(yè)市場化改革的不徹底,售電端實(shí)際上仍處于國家壟斷,政府對電價實(shí)際上仍處于管制狀態(tài)等因素是制約電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要影響因素。針對上述原因,本文分別對電力生產(chǎn)行業(yè)各個細(xì)分子行業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了改革思路及建議。其中,本文認(rèn)為發(fā)電與售電端完全競爭,輸配電可進(jìn)行一定管制是最為合理的改革方向。
[Abstract]:This paper selects the data from 1998 to 2007 at the enterprise level in the electric power production industry. This paper makes a microcosmic measurement of the system reform of the power industry and the development of the power generation enterprises in the following eight years. Through the empirical study, the paper measures the change of the total factor productivity of the electric power production industry in this period, and attempts to explore the influence of the system reform on the power production enterprises. At first, through the changes in the ownership of Chinese electric power industry enterprises and the changes of government supervision functions since the founding of new China, this paper provides some ideas and suggestions for the subsequent reform. The reform of electric power production marketization is divided into two stages: try and deepen. In the survey database of China's industrial enterprises, the data from 1999 to 2007 are selected for empirical analysis, and the traditional least square estimation is used respectively. The panel fixed effect model, Olley Pakes method and Levinsohn Petriny method, are compared and analyzed horizontally. In the concrete demonstration process, we try to observe the state-owned and non-state-owned holding power production enterprises respectively by distinguishing ownership. It also makes a deep observation on the four fine molecular industries in the electric power production industry, and aims at the specific progress of the market-oriented reform of the electric power industry. The results of empirical analysis are divided into two stages. Through the above microscopic observation, this paper attempts to explore the impact of the reform of power system on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chinese electric power production enterprises from trial to implementation. This paper attempts to depict the change of total factor productivity and its causes. According to the analysis of the actual situation, the research results show that in the two stages of electric power industry from trying to implement market-oriented reform, whether it is the power production industry as a whole, Or in terms of differentiating ownership and going deep into various fine molecular industries, the total factor productivity has indeed improved, but the pace of improvement has been slow and steady. It shows that the impact of the reform on the total factor productivity of the electric power production industry is not obvious or has not yet been shown. In addition, although the total factor productivity of the state-owned holding power production enterprises and the non-state-owned holding power production enterprises is relatively low, However, the trend of convergence is beginning to appear, and the sharp slowdown in the growth rate of total factor productivity of non-state-owned holding enterprises at the end of the phase may be due to the incomplete progress of reform. In addition, from the perspective of the fine molecular industry, The total factor productivity growth rate of hydropower and thermal power plants is fairly steady and slow, while the total factor productivity of nuclear power generation and other sources of electricity is fluctuating sharply. For nuclear power generation, it is mainly regulated by the government. Power generation from new sources of energy, such as other sources of energy, has benefited from global technology diffusion and strong government subsidies. Although it experienced a cyclical recession, it quickly recovered and continued to grow. By combining the empirical results with the actual situation, this paper concludes that the market reform of the power industry is not complete, and the power sale end is still in the state monopoly. Factors such as the government's control over electricity prices are important factors that restrict the development of the power production industry. In view of the above reasons, In this paper, the reform ideas and suggestions for the development of various fine molecular industries in electric power production industry are provided, among which, it is considered that the most reasonable reform direction is the complete competition between generation and sale, and the possibility of certain regulation of transmission and distribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.61

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本文編號：1631346