本文選題：分布式電源　切入點(diǎn)：微電網(wǎng)　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球面臨能源日益減少和環(huán)境污染日益嚴(yán)重等問題將隨著智能電網(wǎng)這一新型電力產(chǎn)業(yè)的提出和不斷發(fā)展逐漸得以解決,同時(shí)也加快了可再生能源的開發(fā)進(jìn)程。分布式電源(Distributed Generation,DG)作為智能電網(wǎng)的一大特色,具有建設(shè)周期短、安裝地點(diǎn)靈活多變、可靠性高、能源利用率高、清潔環(huán)保等特點(diǎn)。微網(wǎng)(Micro-grid)作為分布式電源的有效載體,能夠充分發(fā)揮DG的優(yōu)點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步提高電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、靈活性和清潔性,更好地滿足用戶側(cè)對(duì)電能質(zhì)量和供電可靠性的要求。DG并網(wǎng)后由于其類型、位置、容量的不同會(huì)直接影響微電網(wǎng)的潮流分布,主要體現(xiàn)在能源的梯級(jí)利用率、電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃成本、供電可靠性、電能質(zhì)量、網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗和繼電保護(hù)等方面。引入分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)后的微電網(wǎng)中出現(xiàn)了一種新運(yùn)行方式即孤島運(yùn)行,配電網(wǎng)作為智能電網(wǎng)中一類復(fù)雜典型的網(wǎng)絡(luò),當(dāng)配電網(wǎng)與大電網(wǎng)因某種原因斷開連接后需要結(jié)合孤島劃分方法合理平滑地過渡到計(jì)劃孤島狀態(tài),才能在真正意義上充分利用分布式電源實(shí)現(xiàn)配電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。本文就對(duì)以上兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究工作如下： (1)研究了多種分布式電源模型,包含微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)(Micro-turbine Generator,MT)、風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)(Wind-turbine Generator, WG)、光伏發(fā)電(Photovoltaic, PV)三種分布式電源以及儲(chǔ)能電池(Storage Battery, SB)。 (2)在分布式電源單個(gè)容量確定、個(gè)數(shù)和位置不確定的情況下,建立以用戶側(cè)的投資運(yùn)行成本和網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗費(fèi)用最小為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù),結(jié)合費(fèi)用的重要程度設(shè)置不同的權(quán)重系數(shù),建立多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,采用蟻群優(yōu)化算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO)對(duì)函數(shù)進(jìn)行求解得到分布式電源并網(wǎng)的優(yōu)化位置和容量,并應(yīng)用于30節(jié)點(diǎn)配電測(cè)試系統(tǒng),得到DG接入后的優(yōu)化方案。算例分析表明,所用方法可以得到較為合理的方案,并可有效地降低系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)損、節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓偏差,提高需求側(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和電能質(zhì)量。 (3)在利用蟻群優(yōu)化算法得出分布式電源并網(wǎng)后的位置和容量?jī)?yōu)化結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于優(yōu)化結(jié)果并考慮用戶側(cè)需求的孤島劃分方案。該方案加入需求側(cè)的負(fù)荷重要度,將分布式電源的電能優(yōu)先提供給重要負(fù)荷,保證重要負(fù)荷的不間斷供電,并將剩余的電能提供給次要負(fù)荷。因?yàn)榇嬖诙喾N融合的組合方式,在這種情況下需要結(jié)合目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件,選出最終最適合用戶要求的優(yōu)化孤島方案。本文以分布式電源優(yōu)化并網(wǎng)后的30節(jié)點(diǎn)配電系統(tǒng)為算例進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,在DG優(yōu)化并網(wǎng)的配電系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障后,可以合理的生成針對(duì)需求側(cè)最優(yōu)的孤島運(yùn)行方案,融合單元內(nèi)的負(fù)荷和發(fā)電量之間可以達(dá)到較高的適配程度,有效地提高了系統(tǒng)的供電可靠性和自愈能力。
[Abstract]:With the development and development of smart grid, the global problems such as decreasing energy sources and increasing environmental pollution will be solved gradually. At the same time, it also speeds up the development of renewable energy. As a major feature of smart grid, distributed Generation DGG has the advantages of short construction period, flexible installation location, high reliability and high energy efficiency. As an effective carrier of distributed power supply, Micro-grid can give full play to the advantages of DG and further improve the economy, flexibility and cleanliness of power system. Better meet the user side requirements for power quality and reliability. DG will directly affect the distribution of power flow due to its type, location and capacity, mainly reflected in the cascade utilization of energy, network planning costs. Power supply reliability, power quality, network loss and relay protection. After the introduction of distributed generation technology, a new operation mode, isolated island operation, appears in microgrid. Distribution network is a kind of complex and typical network in smart grid. When the distribution network and the large power network are disconnected for some reason, it is necessary to make a reasonable and smooth transition to the planned islanding state by combining the islanding method. In order to make full use of distributed generation to realize the distribution network structure optimization in real sense, this paper has carried on the research to the above two aspects, the main research work is as follows:. 1) several distributed power generation models are studied, including micro-turbine generator MTG, wind-turbine generator, WGT, photovoltaic photovoltaics (PVV) and storage Battery, SBN. 2) when the single capacity of distributed power supply is determined, the number and position of the distributed power source are uncertain, and the minimum cost of investment and network loss on the user side is taken as the optimal objective function, and different weight coefficients are set up in combination with the importance of the cost. A multi-objective optimization model is established. Ant Colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to solve the function to obtain the optimal position and capacity of distributed power supply. The model is applied to a 30-bus distribution test system. The optimization scheme after DG access is obtained. The example analysis shows that the method can get more reasonable scheme, and can effectively reduce the system network loss, node voltage deviation, and improve the economic efficiency and power quality of the demand side. 3) on the basis of the results of location and capacity optimization of distributed power supply by using ant colony optimization algorithm, an island partition scheme based on optimization results and considering user side requirements is proposed, which adds the load importance of demand side to the scheme. Priority is given to the distribution of electricity to important loads, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to important loads, and the remaining energy is provided to secondary loads. In this case, we need to combine the objective function and the constraint conditions to select the optimal islanding scheme which is the most suitable for the users. This paper takes the 30-node distribution system with distributed power supply optimization as an example, and the results show that, After the fault of the DG optimized grid-connected distribution system, the optimal islanding operation scheme for the demand side can be generated reasonably, and the load and power generation in the fusion unit can reach a higher adaptation level. The power supply reliability and self-healing ability of the system are improved effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM61;TM73

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