本文選題：飲用水　切入點(diǎn)：總有機(jī)碳　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：飲用水安全直接影響居民健康與安全。因地表水污染嚴(yán)重城市供水血臨巨大壓力,且城市供水水廠多是常規(guī)水處理工藝,難以應(yīng)對(duì)水源水質(zhì)的復(fù)雜變化,尤其是對(duì)水中種類(lèi)繁多的微量有害有機(jī)物的去除效果較差。因此,對(duì)家庭起到末保護(hù)作用的家用凈水器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。通過(guò)活性炭和膜過(guò)濾等多種深度凈水工藝聯(lián)合,家用凈水器可有效去除嗅味、余氯、微生物、有機(jī)物和重金屬等,因此,家用凈水器的實(shí)際凈化性能成為影響凈水器市場(chǎng)和居民飲用水安全的關(guān)鍵。 本研究主要包括兩部分,第一部分對(duì)城市管網(wǎng)末端水進(jìn)行水質(zhì)調(diào)查,選擇飲用水問(wèn)題相對(duì)較為突出和典型的長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)為研究對(duì)象；第二部分,以嘉興市為例開(kāi)展初步的家用凈水器市場(chǎng)調(diào)研,同時(shí)對(duì)多款活性炭型凈水器進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤測(cè)試,以研究?jī)羲鞯膶?shí)際凈化性能變化規(guī)律。 結(jié)果表明： 1.對(duì)長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)13個(gè)城市的管網(wǎng)末端水進(jìn)行了隨機(jī)取樣和水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè),不同城市管網(wǎng)末端自來(lái)水水質(zhì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果均存在較大差異,以TOC結(jié)果為例,以水庫(kù)水為水源如寧波、金華、臺(tái)州等城市其白來(lái)水TOC值明顯小于以河道水為水源如上海、無(wú)錫、蘇州及嘉興等城市,前者的TOC值皆低于1.0m/L,而后者都高于1.5mg/L,其中嘉興最高,平均值為3.7mg/L,盡管部分城市采用臭氧-活性炭等深度處理工藝,但水源水質(zhì)優(yōu)劣直接決定居民飲用水質(zhì)量；抽取部分市售瓶裝和桶裝飲用凈水進(jìn)行水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)飲用凈水的TOC值與麗水、金華等水源較好的地區(qū)TOC檢測(cè)值相相近,且皆小于1.0mg/L。因此,在接下來(lái)對(duì)家用凈水器的凈化性能研究中,設(shè)定凈水器出水TOC的參考目標(biāo)值為1.0mg/L,這時(shí)家用凈水器的凈化水水質(zhì)接近水源較好地區(qū)的水平。 2.凈水器種類(lèi)繁多且不同組合工藝不同品牌的產(chǎn)品亦較多,針對(duì)嘉興市部分居民家用凈水器的調(diào)研結(jié)果,72%的凈水器為進(jìn)口品牌，50%的凈水器的價(jià)格在2000元以上,凈水器主要用途是代替白來(lái)水、方便居民飲水等。居民偏好于臺(tái)式凈水器,其中有74%加入超濾結(jié)構(gòu),26%為反滲透型凈水器,不同凈水器對(duì)TOC的去除率實(shí)時(shí)凈化性能差異較大。 3.購(gòu)置14款國(guó)內(nèi)外知名品牌活性炭型家用凈水器,以總有機(jī)碳(TOC)為測(cè)試指標(biāo),通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤研究?jī)羲鲗?duì)有機(jī)物去除率衰減趨趨勢(shì),評(píng)估其實(shí)際凈化性能：運(yùn)行初期,凈水器出水TOC含量較進(jìn)水含量明顯降低,隨著通水量增加(或使用時(shí)間增加),各款凈水器TOC去除率哀減趨勢(shì)表現(xiàn)顯著差異,部分凈水器衰減過(guò)快,以1.0mg/L為參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分凈水器的出水TOC穿透此線的通水量低十200L,僅有三款凈水器(占評(píng)估總數(shù)21%)具有長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的凈化性能(可持續(xù)凈化超過(guò)1200L自來(lái)水),適合居民家庭實(shí)際長(zhǎng)期使用。表明實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中不同類(lèi)型家用凈水器凈化性能存在較大差異,居民需要根據(jù)地區(qū)水質(zhì)特性選擇合適的凈水器以滿足長(zhǎng)期使用。
[Abstract]:The safety of drinking water directly affect people's health and safety. Because of surface water pollution of city water supply blood facing tremendous pressure, and city water supply plant is more than conventional water treatment process is difficult to cope with the complex changes in water quality, especially the poor effect on removal of trace harmful kinds of organic matter. Therefore, for the family to the end the protective effect of household water purifier emerged. By activated carbon and membrane filtration and other deep water purification process, can effectively remove the odor, chlorine, microbial household water purifiers, organics and heavy metals, therefore, the actual home water purifier purification performance becomes a key and drinking water purifier market the safety of the water.
This study mainly includes two parts, the first part of the city network terminal water quality survey, selection of drinking water problem is relatively prominent and typical area of the Yangtze River Delta as the research object; the second part, taking Jiaxing city as an example to carry out the preliminary household water purifier market research, with a variety of activated carbon water purifier for a long time in order to study the actual dynamic tracking test, water purifier purification performance change.
The results show that:
The end of the water pipe network 13 1. city of the Yangtze River Delta region were randomly sampled and water quality monitoring, detection results of different city tap water pipe ends are quite different, with the results of TOC as an example, the reservoir water such as Ningbo, Jinhua, Taizhou city and the water TOC value was significantly less than that in river water such as Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou and Jiaxing City, the former TOC values were less than 1.0m/L, and the latter is higher than that of 1.5mg/L, the highest in Jiaxing, the average value is 3.7mg/L, although part of the city by using ozone activated carbon treatment processes, but the water quality of drinking water directly determines the quality; extraction of bottled and bottled drinking water quality monitoring, found that drinking water TOC value and Lishui, Jinhua and other water areas with better TOC detection value is similar, and are therefore less than 1.0mg/L., next to the home water purifier In the study of purification performance, the reference target value of TOC of the water purifier is 1.0mg/L, when the purified water quality of the household water purifier is close to the level of the better water area.
2. water purifier of various kinds and different combination process of different brands of products is also more, according to the research results, some residents of Jiaxing city household water purifier, water purifier 72% imported water purifier brand, 50% of the price of 2000 yuan, mainly use the water purifier is instead of white water, drinking water for residents. Residents prefer desktop water purifier, which has 74% joined the 26% structure of ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis type water purifier, different water purifier on the removal rate of TOC real-time purification performance differences.
3. purchase of 14 domestic and foreign well-known brands of activated carbon type household water purifier, the total organic carbon (TOC) as the test index, through dynamic tracking research of water purifier removal rate attenuation trend of organic matter, evaluate the actual cleaning performance: the beginning of operation, the water purifier water content is TOC water content decreased significantly with the increase of water content, (or time), the water purifier, the removal rate of TOC attenuation trend showed significant difference, part of the water purifier decreases fast, with 1.0mg/L as the reference standard part of the effluent TOC water purifier through this line of low water content ten 200L, only three (water purifier accounted for 21% of the total) assessment with continuous purification performance (long-term sustainable purification of more than 1200L, suitable for household tap water) the actual use for a long time. During the experiment, the result indicated that the different types of household water purifier purification performance there is a big difference, according to the characteristics of water area residents need to choose Choose the appropriate water purifier to meet the long-term use.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM925.5;X832

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