本文關鍵詞： 葉片設計 翼型 數(shù)值模擬 氣動性能 流固耦合　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著世界性能源危機日益加劇，環(huán)境污染日趨嚴重，推進新能源和可再生能源的開發(fā)利用已是大勢所趨。風能具有就地可取、分布廣、無污染、可再生等優(yōu)點，已成為新能源發(fā)展的重要方向。風力發(fā)電有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景，在世界各地得到迅速發(fā)展。風力發(fā)電對于調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)、降低環(huán)境污染、緩解能源危機等方面有著非常重要的意義。 葉片是風力機的關鍵零部件，葉片的翼型、結(jié)構(gòu)形式直接影響風力機的性能。葉片設計是一個復雜的多目標優(yōu)化過程。理想的葉片不僅能獲得良好的氣動性能和較高的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率，還能使風電機組的整體性能得到改善。因此本文結(jié)合吉林省科技廳科技發(fā)展計劃項目“基于HPC的兆瓦級風力機系統(tǒng)動力學仿真模擬研究（201205095）”，選取風力機的功率為2MW，對其展開氣動結(jié)構(gòu)設計與性能研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論有以下幾點。 1.采用動量葉素理論設計法對風力機葉片參數(shù)進行計算，并應用粒子群算法對參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的風力機有較好的啟動性能，弦長和扭角更加合理，年發(fā)電量增加了5.97%。利用空間坐標轉(zhuǎn)化法，將各截面翼型坐標轉(zhuǎn)化為空間三維坐標，建立風力機葉片的空間三維模型，為葉片氣動特性分析奠定基礎。 2.翼型的氣動特性對風力機整機的性能具有決定性的影響。對優(yōu)化后葉片所選用的典型翼型NACA4415進行數(shù)值模擬，得到該翼型在額定風速下的氣動特性。此外，還研究了雷諾數(shù)、相對彎度和相對厚度等因素對翼型氣動性能的影響。 3.采用周期性邊界條件，利用Fluent軟件對單葉片三維流場數(shù)值仿真，得到葉片迎風面、背風面的壓力分布和r/R=0.2、0.5、0.7三個截面下的空氣流速及湍流動能分布圖。分析了迎風面和背風面壓力形成機理。研究了空氣流速與湍流動能沿葉片展向的分布規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明空氣流速和湍流動能隨r/R的增大而增大�？諝饬鹘�(jīng)過葉片后沒有明顯分離和漩渦，表明葉片周圍氣流比較穩(wěn)定。湍流動能強度圍繞翼型由葉根到葉尖處不斷增大，這是葉尖處容易失速的原因。以上結(jié)論表明，本文所設計的葉片有較好的氣動特性。 4.采用流固耦合方法研究了風力機整機模型的氣動特性以及動力學特性。先用CFX軟件計算整機模型氣動特性，再將氣動特性載荷加載到固體風力機上，實現(xiàn)單向流固耦合。主要分析額定風速下葉片振動頻率、振型以及形變，研究葉片變形與載荷分布相互影響機理。對風力機模型無預應力狀態(tài)下靜力學特性也進行了分析。計算結(jié)果表明所設計的風力機在流固耦合作用下不容易發(fā)生共振，，驗證了設計的合理性。
[Abstract]:As the world energy crisis intensifies and environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, it is a general trend to promote the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources. Wind energy has the advantages of local desirability, wide distribution, no pollution, renewable and so on. Wind power has become an important direction in the development of new energy. Wind power has a broad development prospect and has been developed rapidly all over the world. Wind power generation can adjust the energy structure and reduce environmental pollution. It is of great significance to alleviate the energy crisis and so on. The blade is the key component of the wind turbine, the airfoil of the blade, The structural form directly affects the performance of the wind turbine. The blade design is a complex multi-objective optimization process. The ideal blade can not only obtain good aerodynamic performance and high energy conversion efficiency. It can also improve the overall performance of wind turbine. Therefore, this paper chooses the power of wind turbine to be 2MWs according to the project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province Department of Science and Technology, "dynamic Simulation Research of MW Wind Turbine system based on HPC (201205095)". The main research contents and conclusions are as follows. 1. The blade parameters of the wind turbine are calculated by the momentum leaf element theory design method, and the parameters are optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimized wind turbine has better start-up performance, more reasonable chord length and torsion angle. By using the method of space coordinate transformation, the airfoil coordinates of each section are transformed into three dimensional spatial coordinates, and the spatial 3D model of the blade of the wind turbine is established, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade. 2. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil have a decisive effect on the performance of the wind turbine. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil under rated wind speed are obtained by numerical simulation of the typical airfoil NACA4415 selected by the optimized blade. In addition, the Reynolds number is also studied. Effects of relative curvature and relative thickness on aerodynamic performance of airfoil. 3. Using periodic boundary condition and Fluent software to simulate the three-dimensional flow field of a single blade, the upwind surface of the blade is obtained. The pressure distribution on the leeward surface and the distribution of air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy on the three sections of r / R ~ (2 +) 0. 2 / 0. 5 ~ 0. 7. The formation mechanism of the pressure on the upwind and leeward surfaces is analyzed. The distribution of the air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy along the blade direction is studied. The results show that the air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy increase with the increase of r / R. It shows that the airflow around the blade is relatively stable, and the turbulent kinetic energy intensity is increasing from the root to the tip of the airfoil, which is the reason for the easy stall at the tip of the blade. The above results show that the blade designed in this paper has better aerodynamic characteristics. 4. The aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine model are studied by using the fluid-solid coupling method. The aerodynamic characteristics of the model are calculated by CFX software, and the aerodynamic characteristic load is loaded into the solid wind turbine. Unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is realized. The vibration frequency, vibration mode and deformation of blade under rated wind speed are analyzed. The interaction mechanism between blade deformation and load distribution is studied. The static characteristics of the wind turbine model without prestress are also analyzed. The calculated results show that the designed wind turbine is not prone to resonance under fluid-solid coupling. The rationality of the design is verified.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM315

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