本文關鍵詞： 能量采集器 風速 壓電 自供能 無線傳感　出處：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)電池尺寸大、需定時更換或充電、對使用環(huán)境要求高且污染環(huán)境，不能很好地滿足無線傳感網(wǎng)絡等的需求。將環(huán)境中的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的微能源是解決無線傳感節(jié)點供電的一種理想方案。風能是環(huán)境中廣泛存在的一種可再生清潔能源，微型風能采集器已成為國內(nèi)外微能源研究的熱點之一。目前國內(nèi)外在基于微型風能采集器的無線傳感節(jié)點方面成果很少，開展相關研究具有重要的學術價值與示范作用。 針對氣象觀測、煤礦/隧道運行狀況監(jiān)測等的需求，論文設計了一種基于微型壓電能量采集器的無線風速監(jiān)測節(jié)點。在課題組前期研究基礎上研制出一個自供能的無線風速監(jiān)測節(jié)點，該節(jié)點包括兩個基于風致振動機理和壓電效應的微型風能采集器，其中一個用于供電，另一個用于風速測量，根據(jù)采集器振動頻率的變化實現(xiàn)對風速的測量。論文的研究工作主要包括： (1)分析總結(jié)了基于微型能量采集器的無線傳感節(jié)點的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢，進行了自供能無線風速監(jiān)測節(jié)點的方案設計； (2)完成了帶諧振腔的壓電能量采集器的結(jié)構設計和原理樣機制作，，以及MEMS風速測量單元的工藝流程設計與微結(jié)構加工； (3)完成了測量壓電能量采集器振動頻率的電路設計，通過MSP430F149微控制器和nRF24L01無線收發(fā)模塊實現(xiàn)了環(huán)境振動頻率和風速的無線監(jiān)測； (4)制作了由LTC3588-1芯片和LT3009穩(wěn)壓器組成的電源管理電路，將能量采集器輸出的交流電轉(zhuǎn)換為直流電，實現(xiàn)了為微控制器等模塊電路供電的目的； (5)實驗結(jié)果表明，自供能的無線風速監(jiān)測節(jié)點在風速為12m/s時，每隔80s發(fā)送一次所測風速，靈敏度為1.86Hz/(m/s)；MEMS風速測量單元在10.2m/s風速下產(chǎn)生了12Hz的諧振頻率偏移，靈敏度為1.18Hz/(m/s)。
[Abstract]:The traditional cell size, timing change or charge, the use of high environmental requirements and environmental pollution, can not meet the needs of wireless sensor networks. In the environment of energy into micro electrical energy is an ideal scheme for wireless sensor node power supply. Wind energy is a renewable clean energy exists the environment, micro wind energy harvester has become one of the hotspots in the research of micro energy at home and abroad. At home and abroad based on the micro wind energy harvester wireless sensor node has very few results, academic value and an important role in the demonstration research.
According to the meteorological observation, coal mine / tunnel monitoring the operation status of the demand, this paper designs a wireless monitoring node speed micro piezoelectric energy harvester was developed. Based on the wireless monitoring node of a wind energy in our research group on the basis of the two node based on micro wind energy harvester vibration mechanism and pressure electric effect, one for power supply, another for wind speed measurement, according to the measurement of the wind speed can change the vibration frequency of the collector. The work of this thesis mainly includes:
(1) summarizes the wireless sensor node micro energy harvester at home and abroad on the current situation and development trend of design based on self powered wireless monitoring node for wind speed;
(2) completed the structure design and prototype making of the piezoelectric energy harvester with resonant cavity, as well as the process design and microstructure processing of MEMS wind speed measurement unit.
(3) completed the circuit design of measuring the vibration frequency of piezoelectric energy harvester, and realized the wireless monitoring of environmental vibration frequency and wind speed through MSP430F149 microcontroller and nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module.
(4) a power management circuit composed of LTC3588-1 chip and LT3009 regulator is made, which converts the AC output from the energy harvester to DC power, and realizes the purpose of supplying power to the microcontroller module circuit.
(5) the experimental results show that the wireless monitoring node of self powered wind speed when the wind speed was 12m/s, every 80s sent a wind speed sensor, the sensitivity is 1.86Hz/ (m/s); MEMS wind speed measuring unit produces resonance frequency offset in 12Hz 10.2m/s wind speed, the sensitivity is 1.18Hz/ (m /s).

【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM619

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