本文關(guān)鍵詞： 巖石 介電常數(shù) 弛豫 極化 孔隙度　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著微波檢測技術(shù)在道路工程領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用，用于道路施工的巖石、沙子等非均勻混合介質(zhì)介電特性的研究成為熱點，非均勻混合介質(zhì)測量理論也成為介電測量技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個重要分支。非均勻混合介質(zhì)介電特性主要受界面極化影響，而界面極化發(fā)生頻率范圍較寬。因此，在不同頻段對固體非均勻混合介質(zhì)介電測量技術(shù)的研究具有重要意義。 文章對固體非均勻混合介質(zhì)在低頻、射頻和高頻段的介電測量方法展開討論。在低頻段采用電容法，設(shè)計一款新型平板電容器。電容器測量原理是將測量樣本看做電容和電導(dǎo)并聯(lián)的等效集總回路，通過測量回路導(dǎo)納得到樣本介電常數(shù)。通過對傳統(tǒng)電容器結(jié)構(gòu)和算法的改進，提高電容器的測量精度。在射頻段，從分析電極間場分布出發(fā)，，根據(jù)似穩(wěn)場理論建立極板間導(dǎo)納的高階場函數(shù)，通過計算貝薩爾零階場和高階場函數(shù)得到樣本介電常數(shù)。此方法有效提高射頻段電容器測量精度和測量頻率上限，使得對非均勻介質(zhì)寬頻介電譜測量成為可能。 在高頻段,提出了基于微帶線結(jié)構(gòu)的諧振微帶環(huán)和平行微帶線的介電測量方法。微帶環(huán)采用微擾原理。微帶環(huán)緊貼測量樣本，構(gòu)成等效回路，樣本介電常數(shù)差異會影響微帶環(huán)電場分布，微帶環(huán)的諧振頻率與品質(zhì)因數(shù)發(fā)生擾動，通過計算這種變化可得到樣本的介電常數(shù)；平行微帶線利用相位法，通過檢測微帶線插入樣本前后相位的變化來計算樣本的介電常數(shù)。平行微帶線結(jié)構(gòu)不同于傳統(tǒng)的微帶傳輸線結(jié)構(gòu)，是將微帶線底層的接地板改為與頂層相同的微帶線結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)不僅保持微帶線原有傳輸模式，同時增強邊緣電場分布，從而提高測量分辨率和精度。與傳統(tǒng)的平行線、同軸線、波導(dǎo)和諧振腔相比，這兩種微帶線結(jié)構(gòu)的測量方法對樣本尺寸加工精度要求低，適合固體材料測量。 在較高頻段，巖石等混合介質(zhì)介電常數(shù)受其電導(dǎo)率的影響較小，因此，采用不同檢測方法分別對沙子含水量，飽水砂巖孔隙度等物理參數(shù)進行實驗測量，并對實驗結(jié)果采用經(jīng)驗公式進行驗證。在低頻至射頻段，采用平板電容器分別對用作路基的飽水巖石、油氣巖石和泥質(zhì)巖石的介電譜進行測量與討論，對多弛豫過程和低頻弛豫強度異常增大現(xiàn)象進行分析；對模擬路面結(jié)構(gòu)的兩相和三相平板電容模型的介電譜進行解析計算和實驗測量，將計算值與測量結(jié)果進行比對分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the application of microwave detection technology in the field of road engineering, the study of dielectric properties of non-uniform mixed media such as rock and sand used in road construction has become a hot topic. Non-uniform mixed dielectric measurement theory has also become an important branch of dielectric measurement technology. The dielectric properties of non-uniform mixed media are mainly affected by interface polarization, and the frequency range of interface polarization is wide. It is of great significance to study the dielectric measurement technology of solid heterogeneous mixed medium in different frequency bands. In this paper, the dielectric measurement methods of solid inhomogeneous mixed medium at low frequency, radio frequency and high frequency are discussed. The capacitance method is used in low frequency band. A new type of flat capacitor is designed. The measuring principle of the capacitor is to regard the measurement sample as the equivalent lumped circuit of the capacitance and conductance in parallel. The dielectric constant of the sample is obtained by measuring the admittance of the circuit. The measurement accuracy of the capacitor is improved by improving the structure and algorithm of the traditional capacitor. In the RF section, the field distribution between the electrodes is analyzed. According to the theory of quasi-stable field, the higher-order field function of admittance between polar plates is established. The dielectric constant of the sample is obtained by calculating the zero-order field and high-order field function of Beisal. This method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy and the upper limit of the measurement frequency of the RF capacitor. It is possible to measure the wide frequency dielectric spectrum of non-uniform medium. In the high frequency band, the dielectric measurement method of resonant microstrip ring and parallel microstrip line based on microstrip line structure is proposed. The microstrip ring adopts perturbation principle, and the microstrip ring clings to the measurement sample to form an equivalent circuit. The dielectric constant of the sample will affect the electric field distribution of the microstrip ring. The resonance frequency and quality factor of the microstrip ring will be disturbed. The dielectric constant of the sample can be obtained by calculating the variation. Parallel microstrip lines use the phase method to calculate the dielectric constant of samples by detecting the phase changes before and after the microstrip lines are inserted into the samples. The parallel microstrip line structure is different from the traditional microstrip transmission line structure. The bottom floor of the microstrip line is changed to the same microstrip line structure as the top layer, which not only maintains the original transmission mode of the microstrip line, but also enhances the electric field distribution at the edge. Compared with the traditional parallel line, coaxial line, waveguide and resonator, these two microstrip structure measurement methods require less precision of sample size processing, and are suitable for solid material measurement. In the higher frequency band, the dielectric constant of rock and other mixed media is less affected by its conductivity. Therefore, the physical parameters such as sand water content and saturated sandstone porosity are measured by different testing methods. The experimental results are verified by empirical formula. The dielectric spectra of saturated rock, oil and gas rock and muddy rock used as subgrade are measured and discussed by plate capacitor in low frequency to radio frequency range. The multi-relaxation process and the abnormal increase of low-frequency relaxation intensity are analyzed. The dielectric spectrum of the two-phase and three-phase flat capacitor models of simulated pavement structure is calculated and measured by experiments. The calculated values are compared with the measured results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM934.3;U416.0

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