本文關(guān)鍵詞：互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)有功功率平衡運行控制及其性能評價　出處：《大連理工大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 互聯(lián)電網(wǎng) 有功功率平衡 頻率控制 電網(wǎng)仿真

【摘要】：互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)有功功率平衡運行控制中,需要控制性能評價標準來規(guī)范每個控制區(qū)域的控制行為,公平分配頻率調(diào)節(jié)責任；每個控制區(qū)域要依據(jù)控制性能評價標準來設(shè)計自身的控制策略,在滿足標準要求的同時盡量降低運行成本。我國目前施行的標準基于北美標準設(shè)計,但由于我國與北美電網(wǎng)在區(qū)域組織管理結(jié)構(gòu)等方面存在差異,執(zhí)行中顯現(xiàn)出很多問題,其本質(zhì)是若干理論問題懸而未解。同時,對于互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)理論研究,準確而易用的仿真系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要,而目前的仿真系統(tǒng)或針對暫態(tài)過程,或針對穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),利用其開展有功功率平衡控制的相關(guān)研究,效率低下。 針對平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)的評價標準,對北美和我國的評價標準及考核規(guī)則做了對比和剖析,指出北美標準存在短期控制行為評價的缺失,而我國針對短期評價所作的修改,不僅未達到預期目標,還喪失了原標準的理論完備性,失去了重要的考核合格線；由于我國在考核中加入返還機制等環(huán)節(jié),使得標準運行機理變得十分復雜,增加了標準實施的難度。這些分析結(jié)果為后續(xù)控制策略的研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。在擾動狀態(tài)下的評價標準方面,提出新的標準框架,將頻差值和大的負荷波動、直流閉鎖等更多可能引起頻率大幅度波動的事件納入啟動條件,適合我國電網(wǎng)頻率備用水平較低、大容量機組對系統(tǒng)容量占比較高、大風電穿透率以及特高壓交直流混聯(lián)的特點,故可以有效提高電網(wǎng)頻率的安全性。 在區(qū)域控制策略的總功率調(diào)整量確定環(huán)節(jié),基于電網(wǎng)頻差在特定時間尺度的均值符號能夠以較大的概率被預測的現(xiàn)象,提出了基于頻差預期的AGC控制思想,并制定了相應(yīng)的AGC控制策略,在大幅降低機組動作次數(shù)的同時,可保證控制區(qū)域的控制性能滿足評價要求。在AGC總調(diào)節(jié)功率的分配環(huán)節(jié),利用模型預測手段將時變的AGC機組動態(tài)特性嵌入模型中,結(jié)合連續(xù)曲線的目標追蹤方式,將問題從復雜難解的非線性規(guī)劃轉(zhuǎn)化為二次規(guī)劃問題,既簡化了解算模型的復雜程度,又可實現(xiàn)AGC調(diào)節(jié)速率預留的“瞻前顧后”,可顯著提升控制效果；依據(jù)升降趨勢對AGC總調(diào)節(jié)功率曲線進行截取,可以有效地降低AGC機組間的反調(diào),提高控制效率。 針對仿真系統(tǒng)的研究中,基于能量守恒定律與轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)動能方程,提出了全新的互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)仿真核心算法。由于利用外部特性參數(shù)對仿真模塊予以描述,使得僅使用少量參數(shù)和代數(shù)方程即可構(gòu)成仿真模型,此舉在保證有功功率平衡研究對仿真精度要求的同時,可大幅減少模型參數(shù)的需求數(shù)量且顯著地提高計算速度,適合于大型互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)長期有功功率平衡控制及相關(guān)研究工作使用。
[Abstract]:In the control of balance of active power and power in interconnected power network, the control performance evaluation standard is needed to standardize the control behavior of each control area, and to distribute the responsibility of frequency regulation fairly. Each control area should design its own control strategy according to the control performance evaluation standard, while meeting the requirements of the standard while reducing the operating cost. The standards currently implemented in China are based on the North American standard design. However, due to the differences between China and North America in regional organization and management structure, there are many problems in the implementation, the essence of which is that a number of theoretical problems remain unsolved. At the same time, theoretical research on interconnected power grid is also given. Accurate and easy-to-use simulation system is very important, but the current simulation system is inefficient for transient process or stable state, using it to carry out relevant research on active power balance control. According to the evaluation criteria of stable state, the evaluation standards and rules in North America and China are compared and analyzed, and it is pointed out that there is a lack of short-term control behavior evaluation in North American standards. However, the modification of short-term evaluation in China has not only failed to reach the expected goal, but also lost the theoretical completeness of the original standard and lost the important qualification line. Due to the addition of return mechanism and other links in the assessment in our country, the operation mechanism of the standard becomes very complex. These results provide a theoretical basis for the further study of control strategy. In the aspect of evaluation standard under disturbance state, a new standard framework is proposed, the frequency difference and large load fluctuation are put forward. More events, such as DC locking, which may cause large frequency fluctuations, are brought into the start-up condition, which is suitable for the lower frequency reserve level of China's power grid and the higher capacity of large capacity units to the system. The characteristics of high wind power penetration rate and UHV AC / DC hybrid can effectively improve the safety of power grid frequency. In the process of determining the total power adjustment of the regional control strategy, the phenomenon that the mean symbol based on the frequency difference of the power grid in a specific time scale can be predicted with a high probability. The idea of AGC control based on frequency difference expectation is put forward, and the corresponding AGC control strategy is worked out, which can greatly reduce the number of unit movements at the same time. It can ensure that the control performance of the control area can meet the evaluation requirements. In the allocation of the total regulating power of AGC, the time-varying dynamic characteristics of AGC units are embedded in the model by the means of model prediction. Combined with the target tracing method of continuous curve, the problem is transformed from complex nonlinear programming to quadratic programming, which simplifies the complexity of the computational model. The AGC regulation rate reservation can be realized with "too many worries", which can significantly improve the control effect; According to the rising and falling trend, the total regulating power curve of AGC can be cut off, which can effectively reduce the inverse adjustment of AGC units and improve the control efficiency. Based on the law of conservation of energy and rotational kinetic energy equation of rotor, a new core algorithm of interconnected power grid simulation is proposed in this paper. The simulation module is described by using external characteristic parameters. Only a small number of parameters and algebraic equations can be used to construct the simulation model, which ensures the accuracy of active power balance research at the same time. It can greatly reduce the demand for model parameters and significantly improve the calculation speed. It is suitable for long-term active power balance control and related research work in large-scale interconnected power networks.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM921.5

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