本文關(guān)鍵詞：垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)氣動(dòng)特性及變槳規(guī)律研究　出處：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：風(fēng)能作為新能源中產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度最高的一類(lèi)能源,在新能源戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中占有著舉足輕重的地位。垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)雖憑借豎軸、無(wú)需對(duì)風(fēng)、直葉片等特點(diǎn)受到青睞,但無(wú)法自啟動(dòng)與低效率問(wèn)題大大限制了工程應(yīng)用。作為有效解決方案之一的變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī),其研究目前主要存在如下問(wèn)題:葉片動(dòng)態(tài)氣動(dòng)性能的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)獲取十分困難;現(xiàn)有理論研究對(duì)葉片動(dòng)態(tài)氣動(dòng)性能的認(rèn)識(shí)尚未明確;基于實(shí)驗(yàn)的有效變槳規(guī)律尚未形成系統(tǒng),變槳規(guī)律有效機(jī)制尚不明確;面向工程應(yīng)用的變槳規(guī)律研究還尚未被涉及。本課題在黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的變槳控制規(guī)律研究”(E201216)與中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目“豎軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)電一體化設(shè)計(jì)及最優(yōu)變槳距控制技術(shù)”(HEUCFZ1118)的資助下,主要采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。在分析垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)運(yùn)行機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,提出垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對(duì)氣動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)要求。對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)運(yùn)行環(huán)境——大氣邊界層底層的典型風(fēng)特性進(jìn)行研究,確定風(fēng)洞設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo),研制翼型實(shí)驗(yàn)風(fēng)洞、風(fēng)力機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)風(fēng)洞以及相應(yīng)的風(fēng)場(chǎng)測(cè)量裝置。提出翼型靜態(tài)氣動(dòng)性能測(cè)量方案并研制翼型靜態(tài)氣動(dòng)性能實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)。針對(duì)變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,提出一種風(fēng)力機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩測(cè)量方案,設(shè)計(jì)兩種角加速度測(cè)量方案以及相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,并研制變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)。進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的單葉定槳實(shí)驗(yàn),測(cè)量定槳葉片在不同尖速比、不同槳距角下的動(dòng)態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩。根據(jù)葉片動(dòng)態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行葉片受力機(jī)理研究,從動(dòng)態(tài)臨界失速角、驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩峰值發(fā)生位置、最大驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩峰值發(fā)生位置等角度分析葉片動(dòng)態(tài)受力特性。根據(jù)葉片動(dòng)態(tài)受力特性,修正現(xiàn)有動(dòng)態(tài)失速模型對(duì)翼型動(dòng)態(tài)失速角的取值方法。提出一種局部的隨動(dòng)流管假設(shè),在雙盤(pán)面單流管模型基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合修正后的動(dòng)態(tài)失速模型,建立一種雙盤(pán)面隨動(dòng)流管模型。采用現(xiàn)有垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證�；谌~素理論計(jì)算理論變槳規(guī)律,研究理論變槳規(guī)律與翼型靜態(tài)氣動(dòng)特性的關(guān)系,針對(duì)理論變槳規(guī)律的突變現(xiàn)象研究變槳規(guī)律修正方法。根據(jù)單葉定槳實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行變槳規(guī)律擬合研究。結(jié)合擬合變槳規(guī)律與葉片動(dòng)態(tài)受力特性,提煉變槳規(guī)律設(shè)計(jì)原則。提出三種槳距角過(guò)渡方案,建立三種變槳規(guī)律數(shù)學(xué)模型。進(jìn)行單葉變槳實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證變槳規(guī)律數(shù)學(xué)模型的有效性。進(jìn)行面向工程應(yīng)用的變槳規(guī)律研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究葉片翼型與弦徑比對(duì)葉片動(dòng)態(tài)氣動(dòng)特性的影響。分別針對(duì)某非對(duì)稱(chēng)翼型與弦徑比設(shè)計(jì)變槳規(guī)律,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究變槳規(guī)律數(shù)學(xué)模型對(duì)其他翼型、其他弦徑比的適用性,并分析非翼型與弦徑比對(duì)變槳葉片氣動(dòng)性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究變槳誤差對(duì)變槳葉片氣動(dòng)性能的影響,包括尖速比誤差與方位角誤差的影響,給出尖速比許可誤差范圍與方位角許可誤差范圍,為變槳誤差抑制方案提供設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)。進(jìn)行變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。進(jìn)行定槳風(fēng)力機(jī)與變槳風(fēng)力機(jī)的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),研究變槳規(guī)律數(shù)學(xué)模型對(duì)變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的有效性。進(jìn)行不同葉片數(shù)、不同弦徑比、不同翼型下的變槳風(fēng)力機(jī)性能實(shí)驗(yàn),研究葉片數(shù)、弦徑比與翼型對(duì)變槳式垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)性能的影響。
[Abstract]:Wind energy as a kind of new energy industry in the highest level, in the new energy industry development strategy occupies a pivotal position. The vertical axis wind turbine is on the vertical axis, no wind, straight blade features favored, but not from the start with the low efficiency problem greatly limits the application as effective. To solve the pitch type vertical axis wind turbine is one of the current research project, mainly has the following problems: the experimental data of blade dynamic aerodynamic performance is very difficult to obtain; understanding of the existing theoretical research on aerodynamic performance of blade dynamic gas is not clear; the system has not yet formed effective pitch rules based on experiment, the effective mechanism of law is variable pitch study on the pitch is not clear; rules for engineering application has not yet been involved in this article. The Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Fund Project "Research on control law of variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine "(E201216) and funded by the fundamental research funds for the Central Universities" vertical axis wind turbine Mechatronics design and optimal pitch control technology "(HEUCFZ1118) funding, mainly by experiment to solve the above problems. Based on the analysis of vertical axis wind turbine operating mechanism, the design requirement of wind turbine experiment on the vertical axis. The experimental platform for the research of typical gas wind characteristics of wind turbine operating environment, atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel bottom, determine the design index, development of wind turbine airfoil wind tunnel experiment, wind tunnel experiment and the corresponding wind field measurement device. The static airfoil aerodynamic performance measurement scheme and development of airfoil static aerodynamic performance test Taiwan is proposed. For the pitch type vertical axis wind turbine experimental research, a wind turbine aerodynamic torque measurement scheme, design two kinds of angular acceleration measurement Program and the corresponding data processing method, and the development of pitch type VAWT prototype system. The single fixed pitch propeller blade measurement experiment in different tip speed ratio, dynamic driving moment of different pitch angle. The driving torque according to the experimental data for dynamic blade, blade stress from dynamic mechanism research the critical angle of stall, the driving torque peak position, maximum driving torque peak position of blade dynamic stress characteristics. According to the stress characteristics of blade dynamic correction, the existing dynamic stall model of airfoil dynamic stall angle value method. This paper proposes a local move along with the flow tube hypothesis, combined with the dynamic stall model after correction in the double disk single tube flow model based on the establishment of a double disk servo stream tube model. The model calculation was conducted to verify the accuracy of existing experimental data. Based on the vertical axis wind turbine The blade element theory calculation theory of pitch law, theory of law and relationship between propeller static aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil, the mutation phenomenon on the variable pitch propeller correction method of law law theory. According to the experimental data of single propeller, variable propeller fitting study law. With the fitting force characteristics of pitch pattern and leaf dynamics refined pitch rule design principle. Put forward three kinds of pitch transition plan, three kinds of mathematical models established. The pitch of one variable propeller pitch experiment, validate the mathematical models of pitch. Rules for engineering application. Experimental research on blade airfoil and chord diameter ratio on the aerodynamic characteristics of blade dynamic effect. For airfoil and a string of asymmetric pitch diameter ratio design rules and Experimental Research on pitch mathematical models for other airfoils, other aspect ratio and applicability analysis of non airfoil and string variable diameter ratio Influence of blade aerodynamic performance. Experimental study of pitch error on variable pitch blades on the aerodynamic performance, including the effect of tip speed ratio error and azimuth error, given the tip speed ratio error range and azimuth license license error, pitch error suppression scheme design index. The pitch type vertical shaft the experimental research of wind turbine. The fixed pitch wind turbine with variable pitch wind turbine Experiment Study on the validity of mathematical models of variable pitch propeller type vertical axis wind turbine. The different number of blades, different aspect ratio, variable pitch wind turbine airfoil under different experimental study, leaf number, string size influence of the pitch and the airfoil type vertical axis wind turbine performance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM315

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