本文關(guān)鍵詞：含多種分布式能源的微電網(wǎng)優(yōu)化及控制策略研究　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 微電網(wǎng) 分布式能源 電源規(guī)劃 換電站 動態(tài)調(diào)度 控制策略 孤島運行 并網(wǎng)運行

【摘要】：利用微電網(wǎng)能夠有效地將分布式電源、電力負荷和能量儲存裝置融合成一體，，有利于可再生能源的接入，充分發(fā)揮分布式電源的效益，是未來電網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)高效、環(huán)保和優(yōu)質(zhì)供電的重要手段。作為大電網(wǎng)的有益補充，微電網(wǎng)一經(jīng)提出便引起世界各國的廣泛關(guān)注。本文沿著規(guī)劃、調(diào)度和控制的思路，研究含多種分布式能源的微電網(wǎng)優(yōu)化問題。主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾部分： 1）對含風(fēng)力發(fā)電單元的微電網(wǎng)進行可控分布式電源（Controllable DistributedGeneration，CDG）優(yōu)化配置。提出基于損耗靈敏因子和電壓穩(wěn)定指標的CDG候選安裝位置集合的確定方法。以投資成本、燃料成本、維護成本、購電成本及排放成本之和最小為目標函數(shù)，建立考慮負荷因素（負荷類型、負荷水平及不確定性）和能源政策影響的CDG規(guī)劃模型，引入表示風(fēng)電出力和負荷功率的隨機變量，將運行約束條件描述成概率的形式，采用基于半不變量和Gram-Charlier級數(shù)展開理論的微電網(wǎng)隨機潮流方法檢驗規(guī)劃方案是否滿足機會約束條件，應(yīng)用人工蜂群算法搜索最優(yōu)配置方案，從而實現(xiàn)CDG類型、位置和容量的同時優(yōu)化規(guī)劃。 2）從需求側(cè)響應(yīng)視角研究含電動汽車換電站（Battery Swap Station，BSS）的微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度問題。建立基于雙層優(yōu)化的微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型：上層模型的決策機構(gòu)為微電網(wǎng)調(diào)度中心，其目標函數(shù)是微電網(wǎng)供電成本最��；下層模型的決策機構(gòu)為BSS運營商，其目標函數(shù)是BSS利潤最大；上下層優(yōu)化模型通過微電網(wǎng)向BSS提供的個性化電價實現(xiàn)互動。采用入侵雜草算法和CPLEX軟件分別對上下層優(yōu)化問題進行迭代求解，得到微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部可控微電源的輸出功率和個性化電價，達到微電網(wǎng)和BSS雙方共贏目的。 3）從供能角度研究含多種分布式能源的微電網(wǎng)優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題。以日電量成本最小、日溫室氣體排放量最少和全天中最大節(jié)點電壓偏差最小為目標函數(shù)，建立基于機會約束規(guī)劃的微電網(wǎng)多目標動態(tài)調(diào)度模型，不僅考慮優(yōu)化變量在相鄰時段間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，還將考慮風(fēng)電出力和負荷功率的不確定性，允許調(diào)度方案以一定的置信水平滿足節(jié)點電壓和支路功率約束。提出基于隨機潮流的克隆選擇算法求解該多目標優(yōu)化模型。在模型求解過程中，采用固定步長和變步長相結(jié)合的混合變異策略來提高解的多樣性，通過反復(fù)克隆、變異、選擇等操作，得到滿足約束條件的Pareto最優(yōu)解集，采用模糊隸屬度計算總體滿意度，解決Pareto最優(yōu)解的選擇問題。 4）對交流微電網(wǎng)的運行控制策略進行研究。以風(fēng)電機組-燃料電池-并聯(lián)型蓄電池組所構(gòu)成的交流微電網(wǎng)為研究對象，根據(jù)上述微電源特點分別設(shè)計微電網(wǎng)孤島和并網(wǎng)運行時的控制策略。研究微電網(wǎng)孤島運行問題時，對并聯(lián)型蓄電池組采用電壓源逆變器控制，使用電壓-相角下垂控制以實現(xiàn)按預(yù)定比例分配負荷功率，共同為微電網(wǎng)提供電壓和頻率支撐。研究微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運行問題時，蓄電池組的控制方法由電壓源逆變器控制轉(zhuǎn)換為PQ控制，按照設(shè)定值輸出有功功率和無功功率。燃料電池在兩種模式下均采用PQ控制，孤島運行時其工作狀態(tài)取決于蓄電池組的荷電狀態(tài)。在對微電源網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器進行控制時，采用滑模電流內(nèi)環(huán)替代傳統(tǒng)PI電流內(nèi)環(huán)，以提高系統(tǒng)控制性能。 5）對孤立直流微電網(wǎng)的運行控制策略進行研究。以光伏陣列-燃料電池-超級電容所構(gòu)成的低壓單極型孤立直流微電網(wǎng)為研究對象，針對采用集中供電方式和分散供電方式的微電網(wǎng)，分別提出考慮光伏陣列、燃料電池和超級電容特性的集中控制策略和分散控制策略。其中，應(yīng)用擾動觀測法實現(xiàn)光伏陣列的最大功率跟蹤；利用斜率限制器限制燃料電池輸出功率的變化速度，阻止其免受“燃料饑餓”的危害。在集中控制策略中，采用滑模電流內(nèi)環(huán)控制器實現(xiàn)超級電容的快充快放，穩(wěn)定直流母線電壓；在分散控制策略中，利用直流母線電壓信號實現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)不同運行狀態(tài)之間的自動切換。 通過相關(guān)算例分析，驗證了本文所提出的微電網(wǎng)優(yōu)化模型和運行控制策略的合理性，以及優(yōu)化算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The use of micro grid can effectively distributed power supply, power load and energy storage devices together, have access to renewable energy, give full play to the benefits of distributed power, is an important means to achieve high efficiency of power grid in the future, environmental protection and quality of power supply. As a useful supplement to the power grid, microgrid once it has caused widespread concern all over the world. The planning, scheduling and control method, micro grid optimization with the distributed energy. The main research contents include the following parts:
1) on micro grid power generation unit with wind of controllable distributed power supply (Controllable DistributedGeneration CDG) optimization method is proposed. To determine the position of the CDG candidate loss sensitivity factor and voltage stability index based on set. With investment costs, fuel costs, maintenance costs, purchase of electricity and the minimum cost and emission cost as the objective function considering the factors (load, load type, load level and uncertainty) CDG programming model of impact and energy policy, said the introduction of random variables of wind power output and load power, will run the constraints described in the form of probability, whether the semi invariant and Gram-Charlier series based on the theory of micro grid power flow method, random inspection planning plan to meet the constraints condition of opportunity, application of artificial bee colony algorithm to search the optimal allocation scheme, so as to realize the CDG type, location and capacity of the same Optimal planning.
2) from the perspective of research of electric vehicle charging station from the demand side response (Battery Swap, Station, BSS) of the micro grid economic dispatch problem. The establishment of micro grid economic dispatch model based on bi level optimization: the decision-making body of the model of the micro grid dispatching center, the objective function is the minimum power supply micro cost; decision structure model for BSS operators, the objective function is BSS the maximum profits; the realization of interactive optimization model through personalized price micro grid provided to BSS. The invasive weed algorithm and CPLEX software respectively on the upper and lower optimization iterations, the output power of micro grid internal controllable micro power and micro grid and achieve personalized pricing BSS the two sides win-win goal.
3) from the energy supply of micro grid scheduling problem of containing a variety of distributed energy. With the minimum daily electricity cost, on greenhouse gas emissions and at least in the all day long maximum node voltage deviation minimum as the objective function, the establishment of micro grid scheduling model based on chance constrained programming, not only consider the optimization variables in adjacent relation between period of time, will also consider the wind power output and load uncertainty, allowing the scheduling scheme with a certain confidence level to meet the node voltage and branch power restriction. The trend of the clones were randomly select the multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the model. Based on the model, the hybrid mutation strategy of fixed step and variable step length combined to improve the diversity of the solution, through repeated cloning, mutation, selection and other operations, Pareto get the optimal solution set, using fuzzy membership The degree of degree of satisfaction is calculated to solve the choice problem of Pareto optimal solution.
4) research on operation control strategy of AC microgrid. The wind turbine fuel cell - battery composed of parallel AC micro grid as research object, design control strategy of microgrid islanding and grid operation according to the characteristics of micro power. Research on Microgrid when using voltage source the inverter control of the shunt battery, using voltage amplitude and phase angle droop control to realize distribution according to the predetermined proportion of load power, to provide support for the voltage and frequency of micro grid. The research of micro grid operation, control method of battery by voltage source inverter control into PQ control, according to the set value of output power and no reactive power. Fuel cells are controlled by PQ in two modes, island operation depends on the working state of the battery state of charge. In the micro power grid side converter When the device is controlled, the inner loop of the sliding mode current is replaced by the inner loop of the traditional PI current to improve the control performance of the system.
5) of operation control strategy for isolated DC micro grid. Low voltage DC unipolar isolated to photovoltaic array - fuel cell and super capacitor composed of micro grid as the research object, the micro grid centralized power supply mode and decentralized power supply mode, are proposed considering the centralized control strategy of photovoltaic array, fuel cell and super capacitor the characteristics and application of decentralized control strategy. The disturbance to achieve maximum power tracking of PV array observation method; velocity change by slope limiter to limit the output power of the fuel cell, to prevent it from burning hazardous material hunger ". In the centralized control strategy, using sliding mode current loop controller to achieve fast charge of super capacitor fast, stable DC bus voltage; in the decentralized control strategy, realize the automatic cutting between different micro grid operation state for using the DC bus voltage signal.
Through the analysis of the related examples, the rationality of the optimization model and the operation control strategy proposed in this paper and the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm are verified.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM727

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉文勝;毛曉明;陳志勇;;微網(wǎng)優(yōu)化運行研究進展與展望[J];電工電能新技術(shù);2012年02期

2 吳衛(wèi)民;何遠彬;耿攀;錢照明;汪i襠

本文編號：1388590