基于電網(wǎng)實時運行條件的繼電保護可靠性評估
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-06 08:12
【摘要】：作為保障電力系統(tǒng)可靠運行的第一道防線,繼電保護系統(tǒng)是電力系統(tǒng)安全保障體系的一個重要組成部分。近年來,隨著我國國民經(jīng)濟的不斷進步,我國電網(wǎng)建設也處在一個高速發(fā)展時期。隨著電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的日益擴大、電壓等級和輸電容量的不斷增加,電網(wǎng)中的各個子系統(tǒng)之間的電氣聯(lián)系也變得愈加緊密和復雜。這一方面提高了電力系統(tǒng)的供電能力和效率,另一方面給電網(wǎng)運行增加了更多不確定性,以及電網(wǎng)事故的危害程度。當電網(wǎng)中某一位置發(fā)生故障后,如果繼電保護系統(tǒng)不能快速、有選擇性地切除故障,極易導致事故蔓延成為連鎖性故障而使電網(wǎng)面臨癱瘓的危險。因此,評估繼電保護系統(tǒng)的運行可靠性,發(fā)現(xiàn)其運行的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),以及采取相應的措施來改善繼電保護的運行性能具有很好的工程應用價值和現(xiàn)實指導意義。本文對繼電保護可靠性評估課題的研究歷史和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀做了相關闡述,論述了保護可靠性評估中存在的一些問題。分析了影響保護可靠性的多方而因素,從保護機理性失效出發(fā),考慮到電網(wǎng)運行條件的實時性和多變性特征,定義了保護可靠性指標,建立了保護可靠性評估模型,并推導出可靠性指標的具體算法,對配置在輸電線路上的階段式電流保護和距離保護的可靠性做了相關探討和研究。論文的具體工作如下：(1)闡述了繼電保護系統(tǒng)的結構組成和工作特性,綜合分析了影響繼電保護運行可靠性的各種因素,基于保護機理性失效,論文指出基于保護軟硬件、斷路器、二次回路等其他相關單元的失效模型所得到的保護可靠性評估結果只能反映保護的平均可靠性水平。研究表明,保護的設計原理、配置和整定、電網(wǎng)運行方式以及短路類型等電網(wǎng)的實時運行條件對保護誤動和拒動的影響很大,才是影響保護可靠性的主要因素。(2)在之前文獻所提出的保護可靠性指標—保護運行拒動概率和保護運行誤動概率的基礎上,本論文給出了可靠性評估指標—保護動作百分比,該指標可以反映出當輸電線路上任意位置處發(fā)生短路故障后保護各段的實際動作概率,以從故障切除時間和故障切除準確程度等角度反映電網(wǎng)運行條件的變化對保護誤動或拒動的影響程度。(3)對于階段式電流保護,分析了保護各段的動作概率在輸電線路上的分布情況,建立了階段式電流保護動作概率沿線分布模型。(4)對于距離保護,研究了全阻抗繼電器特性,分析了保護各段的動作概率在阻抗圓上的分布,建立了距離保護動作概率分布模型。(5)基于保護動作機理,推導出保護各段動作百分比的算法。最后通過具體的算例,展示了保護動作百分比的算法,闡述如何根據(jù)保護百分比計算結果來定量分析保護的可靠性。
[Abstract]:As the first line of defense to ensure the reliable operation of power system, relay protection system is an important part of power system security system. In recent years, with the continuous progress of our national economy, China's power grid construction is also in a period of rapid development. With the increasing scale of power grid and the increase of voltage level and transmission capacity, the electrical relationship between the subsystems in the power grid has become more and more close and complex. On the one hand, the power supply capacity and efficiency of the power system are improved, on the other hand, more uncertainty is added to the operation of the power grid, as well as the harm degree of power grid accidents. When a fault occurs at a certain position in the power grid, if the relay protection system can not remove the fault quickly and selectively, it will easily lead to the accident spreading into a chain fault and make the power grid face the risk of paralysis. Therefore, it is of good engineering application value and practical guiding significance to evaluate the operation reliability of relay protection system, find out the weak links of its operation, and take corresponding measures to improve the operation performance of relay protection. In this paper, the research history and development status of relay protection reliability evaluation are described, and some problems existing in protection reliability evaluation are discussed. The factors that affect the reliability of protection are analyzed. Starting from the failure of protection mechanism, considering the real-time and variability characteristics of power grid operation conditions, the protection reliability index is defined, and the evaluation model of protection reliability is established. The specific algorithm of reliability index is deduced, and the reliability of stage current protection and distance protection configured on transmission line is discussed and studied. The concrete work of this paper is as follows: (1) the structure composition and working characteristics of relay protection system are described, and various factors affecting the operation reliability of relay protection are comprehensively analyzed. Based on the failure of protection mechanism, the paper points out that based on the protection software and hardware, The evaluation results of protection reliability obtained by the failure model of circuit breaker, secondary circuit and other related units can only reflect the average reliability level of protection. The research shows that the design principle, configuration and setting of the protection, the operation mode of the power grid and the real-time operation conditions of the short-circuit type have a great influence on the misoperation and rejection of the protection. Is the main factor affecting the protection reliability. (2) on the basis of the protection reliability index proposed in the previous literature, the protection operation rejection probability and the protection operation misoperation probability, In this paper, the reliability evaluation index, the percentage of protection action, is given, which can reflect the actual operation probability of each section of protection after short circuit fault occurs at any position on the transmission line. The influence of the change of power grid operation conditions on the misoperation or rejection of protection is reflected from the point of view of fault removal time and accuracy of fault removal. (3) for stage current protection, The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on transmission line is analyzed, and the distribution model along the action probability of stage current protection is established. (4) for distance protection, the characteristics of full impedance relay are studied. The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on impedance circle is analyzed, and the probability distribution model of distance protection action is established. (5) based on the mechanism of protection action, the algorithm of action percentage of each section of protection is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the algorithm of protection action percentage is shown, and how to quantitatively analyze the reliability of protection according to the calculation results of protection percentage is expounded.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM732;TM77
[Abstract]:As the first line of defense to ensure the reliable operation of power system, relay protection system is an important part of power system security system. In recent years, with the continuous progress of our national economy, China's power grid construction is also in a period of rapid development. With the increasing scale of power grid and the increase of voltage level and transmission capacity, the electrical relationship between the subsystems in the power grid has become more and more close and complex. On the one hand, the power supply capacity and efficiency of the power system are improved, on the other hand, more uncertainty is added to the operation of the power grid, as well as the harm degree of power grid accidents. When a fault occurs at a certain position in the power grid, if the relay protection system can not remove the fault quickly and selectively, it will easily lead to the accident spreading into a chain fault and make the power grid face the risk of paralysis. Therefore, it is of good engineering application value and practical guiding significance to evaluate the operation reliability of relay protection system, find out the weak links of its operation, and take corresponding measures to improve the operation performance of relay protection. In this paper, the research history and development status of relay protection reliability evaluation are described, and some problems existing in protection reliability evaluation are discussed. The factors that affect the reliability of protection are analyzed. Starting from the failure of protection mechanism, considering the real-time and variability characteristics of power grid operation conditions, the protection reliability index is defined, and the evaluation model of protection reliability is established. The specific algorithm of reliability index is deduced, and the reliability of stage current protection and distance protection configured on transmission line is discussed and studied. The concrete work of this paper is as follows: (1) the structure composition and working characteristics of relay protection system are described, and various factors affecting the operation reliability of relay protection are comprehensively analyzed. Based on the failure of protection mechanism, the paper points out that based on the protection software and hardware, The evaluation results of protection reliability obtained by the failure model of circuit breaker, secondary circuit and other related units can only reflect the average reliability level of protection. The research shows that the design principle, configuration and setting of the protection, the operation mode of the power grid and the real-time operation conditions of the short-circuit type have a great influence on the misoperation and rejection of the protection. Is the main factor affecting the protection reliability. (2) on the basis of the protection reliability index proposed in the previous literature, the protection operation rejection probability and the protection operation misoperation probability, In this paper, the reliability evaluation index, the percentage of protection action, is given, which can reflect the actual operation probability of each section of protection after short circuit fault occurs at any position on the transmission line. The influence of the change of power grid operation conditions on the misoperation or rejection of protection is reflected from the point of view of fault removal time and accuracy of fault removal. (3) for stage current protection, The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on transmission line is analyzed, and the distribution model along the action probability of stage current protection is established. (4) for distance protection, the characteristics of full impedance relay are studied. The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on impedance circle is analyzed, and the probability distribution model of distance protection action is established. (5) based on the mechanism of protection action, the algorithm of action percentage of each section of protection is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the algorithm of protection action percentage is shown, and how to quantitatively analyze the reliability of protection according to the calculation results of protection percentage is expounded.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM732;TM77
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