【摘要】：配電網(wǎng)作為與用戶聯(lián)系最緊密,同時(shí)也是電力輸送的最后一環(huán),配電網(wǎng)的供電可靠性將直接影響到用戶的用電體驗(yàn)。配電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,線路分支、設(shè)備較多,負(fù)荷變化大,所以發(fā)生故障概率較大,尤其是單相接地故障。由于中國(guó)配電網(wǎng)中性點(diǎn)廣泛采用不接地或經(jīng)消弧線圈接地方式,單相接地故障以后流過(guò)線路故障點(diǎn)電流很小,給故障信號(hào)采集和故障定位帶來(lái)困難,因此目前很多故障選線和定位方法都不能有效的對(duì)小電流接地故障進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。行波定位法基本不受系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、過(guò)渡電阻的大小及系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式等因素的影響,在輸電網(wǎng)中得到了成功的應(yīng)用,但是配電網(wǎng)線路分支眾多,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,行波單端法需要對(duì)故障點(diǎn)的后續(xù)反射波頭進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別,這在配電網(wǎng)中會(huì)有一定困難。所以本文研究?jī)?nèi)容為基于雙端法的廣域故障電壓初始行波信息的配電網(wǎng)故障定位以及配電網(wǎng)行波裝置布點(diǎn)優(yōu)化。對(duì)行波在配電網(wǎng)中的傳輸特性進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)電磁式電壓互感器和配電變壓器的行波的傳變特性進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)分布式電源接入配電網(wǎng)的方式、接入點(diǎn)行波測(cè)量可行性進(jìn)行分析,基于以上分析得出,可以在配電變壓器二次側(cè)以及分布式電源接入點(diǎn)處安裝行波故障測(cè)距裝置,基于各測(cè)點(diǎn)的廣域電壓初始行波信息進(jìn)行配電網(wǎng)故障定位;但是分布式電源接入點(diǎn)以及配電變壓器二次側(cè)如果都安裝行波測(cè)距裝置會(huì)導(dǎo)致成本過(guò)高,所以需要研究配電網(wǎng)中行波故障定位裝置布點(diǎn)優(yōu)化,以配電網(wǎng)拓?fù)浼s束為基礎(chǔ),分析行波的傳播規(guī)律,在保證本網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有線路故障可觀的前提下,基于配電網(wǎng)分層分解以及行波雙端定位思路建立約束條件,基于模擬退火粒子群算法對(duì)裝置布點(diǎn)位置進(jìn)行優(yōu)化;最后以布點(diǎn)結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),基于各測(cè)點(diǎn)獲取的故障電壓首波頭信息,在本文中稱為廣域行波信息,綜合各測(cè)點(diǎn)波頭達(dá)到時(shí)刻對(duì)故障位置進(jìn)行定位,設(shè)置基于零序電壓變化對(duì)故障和擾動(dòng)進(jìn)行判別的裝置啟動(dòng)方案,基于各測(cè)點(diǎn)之間信息匹配對(duì)錯(cuò)誤波頭進(jìn)行識(shí)別和剔除,提高故障定位準(zhǔn)確率。本文的理論研究和基于PSCAD的仿真結(jié)果表明:本文中采用的裝置優(yōu)化布點(diǎn)方案可以有效的減少布點(diǎn)位置,保證本饋線中所有分支故障都可觀。同時(shí)基于布點(diǎn)方案提出的利用廣域多組首波頭數(shù)據(jù)故障定位方法可以對(duì)故障位置進(jìn)行定位,以上研究可以促進(jìn)相關(guān)行波故障定位方法在配電網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Distribution network is not only the most closely related to users, but also the last link of power transmission. The reliability of distribution network power supply will directly affect the user's power consumption experience. The distribution network structure is complex, the line branch, the equipment is many, the load changes greatly, so the failure probability is large, especially the single-phase grounding fault. Because the neutral point of distribution network in China is widely connected by ungrounding or arc suppression coil, the current of fault point flowing through the line after single-phase grounding fault is very small, which brings difficulties to fault signal acquisition and fault location. Therefore, many fault line selection and location methods can not effectively locate the small current grounding fault. The traveling wave location method is not affected by the system parameters, the size of the transition resistance and the operation mode of the system, and has been successfully applied in the transmission network, but there are many branches of the distribution network and the structure of the distribution network is complex. The traveling wave single-terminal method needs to accurately identify the subsequent reflected wave head of the fault point, which will be difficult in the distribution network. Therefore, the research content of this paper is the fault location of distribution network based on the initial traveling wave information of wide area fault voltage based on two-terminal method and the optimization of distribution network traveling wave device. The transmission characteristics of traveling wave in distribution network are analyzed, the traveling wave transmission characteristics of electromagnetic voltage transformer and distribution transformer are analyzed, and the mode of distributed power supply access to distribution network and the feasibility of traveling wave measurement of access point are analyzed. Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the traveling wave fault location device can be installed on the secondary side of distribution transformer and the access point of distributed power supply, and the fault location of distribution network can be carried out based on the wide area voltage initial traveling wave information of each measuring point. However, if both the distributed power access point and the secondary side of the distribution transformer are installed, the cost will be too high, so it is necessary to study the optimization of the location of the traveling wave fault location device in the distribution network, which is based on the topology constraints of the distribution network. The propagation law of traveling wave is analyzed. On the premise of ensuring that all the line faults in the network are considerable, the constraint conditions are established based on the hierarchical decomposition of distribution network and the idea of traveling wave dual-terminal location. Based on the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm, the location of the device is optimized. Finally, based on the results of the distribution point, based on the fault voltage head information obtained by each measuring point, it is called wide area traveling wave information in this paper, and the fault position is located at the time of each measuring point. The device start-up scheme based on zero sequence voltage change to distinguish fault and disturbance is set up, and the error wavefront is identified and eliminated based on the information matching between the measuring points, so as to improve the accuracy of fault location. The theoretical research in this paper and the simulation results based on PSCAD show that the optimal location of the device used in this paper can effectively reduce the location of the distribution point and ensure that all branch faults in the feeder are considerable. At the same time, the fault location method based on the location scheme can be used to locate the fault location by using the wide area multi-group first wave head data. The above research can promote the application of the related traveling wave fault location method in the distribution network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM755

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本文編號(hào)：2486448