鉛酸蓄電池在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-16 10:05
【摘要】：鉛酸蓄電池作為后備電源,在汽車、通信、電力、鐵路、電動車等各個領域都發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用,在其服役期間,對其進行實時的監(jiān)測維護是十分必要的。鉛酸蓄電池的電壓、內阻、溫度等可測量的表征參數(shù)以及它們之間的關系不僅可以反映蓄電池內部的復雜變化,還可以在一定程度上預測蓄電池的健康狀態(tài)。因此,通過監(jiān)測鉛酸蓄電池的電壓、內阻、溫度等的變化可以為蓄電池管理提供一定的參考。本文以鉛酸蓄電池為研究對象,對目前廣泛使用的蓄電池參數(shù)測試儀器、儀表,進行調查與綜合分析,針對其不足,研發(fā)出了一套蓄電池參數(shù)在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以精準的測量蓄電池組的充、放電電流,蓄電池組的總電壓、蓄電池內阻、蓄電池溫度以及蓄電池單體電壓等。同時,針對目前變電站所采用的核對性容量放電(核容放電)確定蓄電池剩余容量方法人力、物力以及能源浪費的缺點,在歸一化以及有限元思想的指導下,依據(jù)卡爾曼濾波算法對蓄電池的SOC進行實時監(jiān)測估計。蓄電池在線系統(tǒng)作為一種數(shù)字化、信息化的在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),對其基本要求是能夠節(jié)省時間,操作上更加便利,可以對蓄電池的整個生命周期實行監(jiān)測。該文所研究的蓄電池在線監(jiān)測實驗系統(tǒng),采取主從機的模式。集中主控單元作為主機,采集單元作為從機,集中主控單元負責向各個從機發(fā)送命令,接收來自各個從機的報文數(shù)據(jù)并對接收到的數(shù)據(jù)進行處理運算,最后將結果顯示在液晶屏幕上。集中主控單元通過RS485協(xié)議與各個從機進行通訊,通過按鍵向各個采集模塊發(fā)送消息、查看數(shù)據(jù)以及進行一些簡單的設置等。上位機軟件通過網(wǎng)絡與集中主控單元進行通信。對收集到的數(shù)據(jù),軟件可以進行綜合分析與處理。該監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)能夠及時準確的檢測蓄電池的單體電壓、蓄電池工作溫度、蓄電池內阻、蓄電池組的總電壓以及蓄電池組的充、放電電流等。該監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新部分,有如下幾點:1、基于PSoC系列芯片采集蓄電池內阻,避免了傳統(tǒng)復雜的電路設計,將微弱信號處理技術集成在一個芯片,利用軟件編程進行處理,增大了抗干擾能力,減小了開發(fā)難度,提高了測量穩(wěn)定性與數(shù)據(jù)精度;2、針對目前市面上的霍爾傳感器小電流測量誤差大的缺點,利用高精度運放器件搭建比例運算電路,在精度校準上,采用分段擬合的算法提高數(shù)據(jù)測量精度;3、在SOC估計上,該系統(tǒng)借鑒有限元及歸一化的思想,依據(jù)卡爾曼濾波算法對蓄電池的SOC進行實時監(jiān)測估計,極大的減少了物力、人力以及能源的浪費。實踐結果表明,本文所設計的系統(tǒng),檢測模塊測試精度高、穩(wěn)定性好,系統(tǒng)通過軟硬件結合,處理速度快,實時性好,能夠很好的滿足設計要求。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid battery, as a backup power supply, plays an important role in automobile, communication, power, railway, electric vehicle and other fields. It is very necessary to monitor and maintain lead-acid battery in real time during its service. The measured characterization parameters such as voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery and the relationship between them can not only reflect the complex changes in the battery, but also predict the health state of the battery to a certain extent. Therefore, monitoring the changes of voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery can provide a certain reference for battery management. In this paper, lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, and the widely used battery parameter testing instruments and instruments are investigated and comprehensively analyzed. In view of its shortcomings, a set of battery parameter on-line monitoring system is developed. The system can accurately measure the charge and discharge current of the battery, the total voltage of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the temperature of the battery and the single voltage of the battery. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the method of nuclear capacity discharge (nuclear capacity discharge) used in substations to determine the remaining capacity of batteries, such as manpower, material resources and energy waste, under the guidance of normalization and finite element method, According to Kalman filter algorithm, the SOC of battery is monitored and estimated in real time. As a kind of digital and information on-line monitoring system, the basic requirement of battery online system is to save time, to operate more conveniently, and to monitor the whole life cycle of battery. The battery on-line monitoring experimental system studied in this paper adopts the master-slave mode. The centralized main control unit acts as the host computer, the acquisition unit as the slave machine, and the centralized main control unit is responsible for sending commands to each slave machine, receiving message data from each slave machine and processing the received data. Finally, the results are displayed on the liquid crystal screen. The centralized main control unit communicates with each slave through RS485 protocol, sends messages to each collection module by pressing the key, views the data and makes some simple settings. The upper computer software communicates with the centralized main control unit through the network. The collected data can be comprehensively analyzed and processed by the software. The monitoring system can timely and accurately detect the single voltage of the battery, the operating temperature of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the total voltage of the battery pack, the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and so on. The innovative part of the monitoring system is as follows: 1. Based on PSoC series chip, the internal resistance of battery is collected, the traditional complex circuit design is avoided, the weak signal processing technology is integrated into one chip, and the software programming is used for processing. The anti-interference ability is increased, the development difficulty is reduced, and the measurement stability and data accuracy are improved. 2. In view of the shortcomings of Hall sensor small current measurement error on the market at present, the proportional operation circuit is built by using high precision operational amplifier. In the precision calibration, the piecewise fitting algorithm is used to improve the data measurement accuracy. 3. In the SOC estimation, the system uses the idea of finite element and normalization for reference, and carries on the real-time monitoring and estimation to the SOC of the battery according to the Kalman filter algorithm, which greatly reduces the waste of material resources, manpower and energy. The practical results show that the system designed in this paper has high test accuracy and good stability, and the system can meet the design requirements by combining software and hardware, fast processing speed and good real-time performance.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM912
本文編號：2478220
[Abstract]:Lead-acid battery, as a backup power supply, plays an important role in automobile, communication, power, railway, electric vehicle and other fields. It is very necessary to monitor and maintain lead-acid battery in real time during its service. The measured characterization parameters such as voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery and the relationship between them can not only reflect the complex changes in the battery, but also predict the health state of the battery to a certain extent. Therefore, monitoring the changes of voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery can provide a certain reference for battery management. In this paper, lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, and the widely used battery parameter testing instruments and instruments are investigated and comprehensively analyzed. In view of its shortcomings, a set of battery parameter on-line monitoring system is developed. The system can accurately measure the charge and discharge current of the battery, the total voltage of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the temperature of the battery and the single voltage of the battery. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the method of nuclear capacity discharge (nuclear capacity discharge) used in substations to determine the remaining capacity of batteries, such as manpower, material resources and energy waste, under the guidance of normalization and finite element method, According to Kalman filter algorithm, the SOC of battery is monitored and estimated in real time. As a kind of digital and information on-line monitoring system, the basic requirement of battery online system is to save time, to operate more conveniently, and to monitor the whole life cycle of battery. The battery on-line monitoring experimental system studied in this paper adopts the master-slave mode. The centralized main control unit acts as the host computer, the acquisition unit as the slave machine, and the centralized main control unit is responsible for sending commands to each slave machine, receiving message data from each slave machine and processing the received data. Finally, the results are displayed on the liquid crystal screen. The centralized main control unit communicates with each slave through RS485 protocol, sends messages to each collection module by pressing the key, views the data and makes some simple settings. The upper computer software communicates with the centralized main control unit through the network. The collected data can be comprehensively analyzed and processed by the software. The monitoring system can timely and accurately detect the single voltage of the battery, the operating temperature of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the total voltage of the battery pack, the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and so on. The innovative part of the monitoring system is as follows: 1. Based on PSoC series chip, the internal resistance of battery is collected, the traditional complex circuit design is avoided, the weak signal processing technology is integrated into one chip, and the software programming is used for processing. The anti-interference ability is increased, the development difficulty is reduced, and the measurement stability and data accuracy are improved. 2. In view of the shortcomings of Hall sensor small current measurement error on the market at present, the proportional operation circuit is built by using high precision operational amplifier. In the precision calibration, the piecewise fitting algorithm is used to improve the data measurement accuracy. 3. In the SOC estimation, the system uses the idea of finite element and normalization for reference, and carries on the real-time monitoring and estimation to the SOC of the battery according to the Kalman filter algorithm, which greatly reduces the waste of material resources, manpower and energy. The practical results show that the system designed in this paper has high test accuracy and good stability, and the system can meet the design requirements by combining software and hardware, fast processing speed and good real-time performance.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM912
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