供熱機組建模及快速變負荷控制
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-02 19:00
【摘要】：在我國電源結(jié)構(gòu)中,供熱機組占據(jù)很大比例,特別是在寒冷供熱季節(jié),黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、蒙東、蒙西、寧夏等省級電網(wǎng)幾乎完全依靠供熱機組提供調(diào)峰調(diào)頻能力,供熱機組的“以熱定電”運行方式,不僅僅限制了機組的調(diào)峰范圍,也在很大程度上限制了機組響應動態(tài)負荷指令的能力。事實上,在北方地區(qū)缺乏水電、燃氣等具有快速調(diào)頻能力機組的前提下,提高供熱工況下響應負荷指令和一次調(diào)頻指令的性能,對電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定性顯得尤為重要。前期研究表明,城市供熱熱網(wǎng)具有很大的儲能,合理利用這部分儲能,可大幅度提高機組響應發(fā)電負荷的能力,并且不對熱用戶造成可察覺的影響。但對供熱熱網(wǎng)儲能容量的定量分析、供熱機組對象建模及特性分析、控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設計的研究還有待進一步深入,圍繞以上問題,開展以下工作:(1)儲能容量的定量計算。屏棄了利用熱網(wǎng)傳熱介質(zhì)比熱容計算儲能容量的方法,提出了依據(jù)傳熱介質(zhì)、管道、熱交換器的熱慣性計算儲能容量的方法。(2)對供熱機組的關鍵執(zhí)行機構(gòu),汽輪機低壓缸進汽流量調(diào)節(jié)蝶閥(LV)、汽輪機供熱抽汽流量調(diào)節(jié)蝶閥(EV)進行開度-流量非線性特性擬合,并設計增益補償控制邏輯。(3)完善了供熱機組的簡化非線性動態(tài)模型,將純凝機組燃料量-汽輪機高壓缸進汽調(diào)節(jié)閥開度對汽輪機前蒸汽壓力-發(fā)電負荷雙入雙出模型改進為供熱機組燃料量-汽輪機高壓缸進汽調(diào)節(jié)閥開度-LV開度-EV開度-熱網(wǎng)循環(huán)水流量-熱網(wǎng)循環(huán)水回水溫度對汽輪機前蒸汽壓力-發(fā)電負荷-供熱抽汽壓力-供熱抽汽流量六入四出模型。(4)設計了能夠充分利用熱網(wǎng)儲能實現(xiàn)高速率變負荷的供熱機組協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)能夠在純凝工況下和供熱工況下進行無擾切換。上述研究成果應用于LPS熱電廠1號、2號機組快速變負荷控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化項目中,實際系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在一個供熱季內(nèi)連續(xù)投入運行。供熱工況下機組發(fā)電負荷響應速率由1%額定發(fā)電負荷每分鐘提高到3%~4%額定發(fā)電負荷每分鐘,蒸汽壓力、燃料量、汽溫波動幅度明顯減小。論文工作進一步完善了供熱機組快速變負荷控制方面的基礎理論和工程技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:In China's power supply structure, heating units occupy a large proportion, especially in the cold heating season, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Mengdong, Mengxi, Ningxia and other provincial power grids almost entirely rely on heating units to provide peak-shaving and frequency-modulation capacity. The operation mode of heat supply unit not only limits the range of peak shaving, but also limits the ability of unit to respond to dynamic load instruction to a great extent. In fact, it is very important for the safety and stability of power network to improve the performance of response load instruction and primary frequency regulation instruction under heating condition under the premise of lack of hydropower, gas and other units with fast frequency modulation ability in the north of China. The previous research shows that the urban heat supply network has a large amount of energy storage. Reasonable utilization of this part of energy storage can greatly improve the capacity of generating units to respond to power generation load, and does not cause perceptible influence on thermal users. However, the quantitative analysis of the energy storage capacity of the heating network, the modeling and characteristic analysis of the heating unit object, and the optimization design of the control system need to be further studied. Based on the above problems, the following work is carried out: (1) quantitative calculation of the energy storage capacity. The method of calculating energy storage capacity based on thermal inertia of heat transfer medium, pipeline and heat exchanger is put forward. (2) the key executive mechanism of heat supply unit is given, and the method of calculating energy storage capacity based on heat transfer medium specific heat capacity of heat transfer network is dispensed with. Steam Turbine low pressure cylinder intake flow Control Butterfly (LV), Steam Turbine heating and extraction flow regulating Butterfly Valve (EV) for opening-flow non-linear characteristics fitting, The gain compensation control logic is designed. (3) the simplified nonlinear dynamic model of heating unit is improved. Improvement of fuel quantity of pure condensing unit-opening of steam inlet throttle valve of steam turbine high pressure cylinder to double in / out model of steam pressure-generating load of steam turbine as fuel quantity of heating unit-opening of steam inlet throttle valve of steam turbine high pressure cylinder-LV opening -EV opening-heat network circulating water flow-heat network circulating water return water temperature to steam turbine front steam pressure-generation load-heating extraction pressure-heating extraction steam flow six-in-four-out model is designed. (4) A six-in-four-out model is designed to make full use of heat. The coordinated control system of heat supply unit with high speed and variable load can be realized by network energy storage. The system can be switched undisturbed under pure condensation and heating conditions. The above research results have been applied to the optimization project of the rapid variable load control system for units 1 and 2 in LPS thermal power plant. The actual system has been put into operation continuously in one heating season. Under heating condition, the response rate of generating load increases from 1% rated generation load per minute to 3% ~ 4% rated generation load per minute, and the fluctuation of steam pressure, fuel quantity and steam temperature decreases obviously. In this paper, the basic theory and engineering technology of rapid variable load control of heating units are further improved.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM621
[Abstract]:In China's power supply structure, heating units occupy a large proportion, especially in the cold heating season, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Mengdong, Mengxi, Ningxia and other provincial power grids almost entirely rely on heating units to provide peak-shaving and frequency-modulation capacity. The operation mode of heat supply unit not only limits the range of peak shaving, but also limits the ability of unit to respond to dynamic load instruction to a great extent. In fact, it is very important for the safety and stability of power network to improve the performance of response load instruction and primary frequency regulation instruction under heating condition under the premise of lack of hydropower, gas and other units with fast frequency modulation ability in the north of China. The previous research shows that the urban heat supply network has a large amount of energy storage. Reasonable utilization of this part of energy storage can greatly improve the capacity of generating units to respond to power generation load, and does not cause perceptible influence on thermal users. However, the quantitative analysis of the energy storage capacity of the heating network, the modeling and characteristic analysis of the heating unit object, and the optimization design of the control system need to be further studied. Based on the above problems, the following work is carried out: (1) quantitative calculation of the energy storage capacity. The method of calculating energy storage capacity based on thermal inertia of heat transfer medium, pipeline and heat exchanger is put forward. (2) the key executive mechanism of heat supply unit is given, and the method of calculating energy storage capacity based on heat transfer medium specific heat capacity of heat transfer network is dispensed with. Steam Turbine low pressure cylinder intake flow Control Butterfly (LV), Steam Turbine heating and extraction flow regulating Butterfly Valve (EV) for opening-flow non-linear characteristics fitting, The gain compensation control logic is designed. (3) the simplified nonlinear dynamic model of heating unit is improved. Improvement of fuel quantity of pure condensing unit-opening of steam inlet throttle valve of steam turbine high pressure cylinder to double in / out model of steam pressure-generating load of steam turbine as fuel quantity of heating unit-opening of steam inlet throttle valve of steam turbine high pressure cylinder-LV opening -EV opening-heat network circulating water flow-heat network circulating water return water temperature to steam turbine front steam pressure-generation load-heating extraction pressure-heating extraction steam flow six-in-four-out model is designed. (4) A six-in-four-out model is designed to make full use of heat. The coordinated control system of heat supply unit with high speed and variable load can be realized by network energy storage. The system can be switched undisturbed under pure condensation and heating conditions. The above research results have been applied to the optimization project of the rapid variable load control system for units 1 and 2 in LPS thermal power plant. The actual system has been put into operation continuously in one heating season. Under heating condition, the response rate of generating load increases from 1% rated generation load per minute to 3% ~ 4% rated generation load per minute, and the fluctuation of steam pressure, fuel quantity and steam temperature decreases obviously. In this paper, the basic theory and engineering technology of rapid variable load control of heating units are further improved.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM621
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