【摘要】：畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)�；瘞砹瞬豢珊雎缘沫h(huán)境污染問題。沼氣工程將養(yǎng)殖場產(chǎn)生的糞污進行厭氧發(fā)酵,既解決了環(huán)境污染問題,又得到了可利用能源,具有重要的推廣意義。但是,西北地區(qū)冬季寒冷漫長,導致大多沼氣工程在實際運行中普遍存在產(chǎn)氣率低和產(chǎn)氣量不穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象。本文基于對蘭州花莊大型沼氣發(fā)電工程的實地調(diào)研,對該工程運行9年以來的整體性能進行了分析,并總結(jié)了沼氣發(fā)電工程實際運行所遇到的問題。為了解決花莊沼氣工程發(fā)酵溫度不穩(wěn)定、系統(tǒng)運行連續(xù)性差等問題,整合太陽能集熱系統(tǒng)、恒溫厭氧發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)、內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和沼氣鍋爐熱利用系統(tǒng),構(gòu)建了一套多種可再生能源耦合的新型熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),并從經(jīng)濟性、節(jié)能性、環(huán)保性等方面對新系統(tǒng)進行了全面的評價。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)系統(tǒng)的初始工藝符合實際工程,9年運行期內(nèi)系統(tǒng)基本能夠穩(wěn)定運行,具有可推廣性;累計收益239.1萬元,節(jié)省標煤1724噸,減少CO2排放4211噸;政策扶持力度不夠、工程配套裝備質(zhì)量差和運行管理不規(guī)范等因素是造成工程后期運行效果差、綜合效益沒有最大化以及企業(yè)主體缺乏積極性的關(guān)鍵原因。(2)針對現(xiàn)在沼氣工程存在的問題,本文整合太陽能集熱系統(tǒng)、恒溫厭氧發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)、內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和沼氣鍋爐熱利用系統(tǒng),構(gòu)建了多能互補的熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。以蘭州花莊奶牛場的實際情況為基礎(chǔ),對現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化,構(gòu)建一套太陽能—沼氣鍋爐—發(fā)電余熱耦合的新型熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng),并對新系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分進行了設(shè)計和選型。(3)優(yōu)化后的系統(tǒng)年產(chǎn)氣量達到51.9萬m3,增幅比達到400%;優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)年發(fā)電量達到71.3萬k Wh,增幅比達到390%,占全年養(yǎng)殖場用電量的70.2%;系統(tǒng)年增益為24.9萬元,靜態(tài)投資回收期為1.1年;改進后的系統(tǒng)具有良好的經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益和環(huán)境效益。(4)優(yōu)化后的各個子系統(tǒng)的?成本差均不大,整個系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率比較高,經(jīng)過熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)具有較優(yōu)的熱經(jīng)濟性;優(yōu)化后系統(tǒng)總?效率在20%~33%之間,冬季較小,夏季最大,春秋季位于其間;優(yōu)化后的系統(tǒng)全年產(chǎn)出的?經(jīng)濟系數(shù)為0.417元/k Wh,大大低于市場電價,說明該養(yǎng)殖場采取這種模式運行的熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)是切實可行的。本文的創(chuàng)新點:(1)改進和優(yōu)化了熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),使西北地區(qū)規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場的沼氣發(fā)電工程連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、高效運行。(2)基于西北地區(qū)的氣候條件和規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場的能源特點,對新系統(tǒng)進行不同運行策略的分析,并通過采用熱經(jīng)濟分析,實現(xiàn)了綜合效益的最大化。
[Abstract]:The large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry has brought about environmental pollution problems that can not be ignored. Biogas project not only solves the problem of environmental pollution, but also obtains the available energy, which is of great significance for the promotion of anaerobic fermentation of faeces produced in farms. However, the cold and long winter in Northwest China leads to the low gas production rate and unstable gas production in the actual operation of most biogas projects. Based on the on-the-spot investigation of large-scale biogas power generation project in Huazhuang, Lanzhou, this paper analyzes the overall performance of the project since its operation for nine years, and summarizes the problems encountered in the actual operation of the biogas power generation project. In order to solve the problems of unstable fermentation temperature and poor continuity of the system in Huazhuang biogas project, the solar energy collector system, the constant temperature anaerobic fermentation system, the internal combustion engine power generation system and the biogas boiler heat utilization system are integrated. A new type of heat and power co-generation system coupled with various renewable energy sources has been constructed, and the new system has been comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of economy, energy conservation and environmental protection. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the initial process of the system accords with the actual project, and the system can run stably and can be extended during the nine-year operation period; Cumulative income of 2.391 million yuan, saving 1724 tons of standard coal, reducing CO2 emissions by 4211 tons; Such factors as insufficient policy support, poor quality of engineering supporting equipment and non-standard operation management are the causes of poor operation effect in the later stage of the project. The key reason is that the comprehensive benefit is not maximized and the enterprise main body lacks enthusiasm. (2) in view of the problems existing in the biogas project, this paper integrates the solar energy collector system, the constant temperature anaerobic fermentation system, and so on. Internal combustion engine power generation system and biogas boiler heat utilization system are used to construct multi-energy complementary heat and power co-generation system. Based on the actual situation of Lanzhou Huazhuang dairy farm, this paper optimizes the existing system and constructs a new type of combined heat and power supply system, which is coupled with solar energy, biogas boiler and waste heat of power generation. The key parts of the new system are designed and selected. (3) the annual gas production of the optimized system reaches 519000 m3, with an increase ratio of 400%; After optimization, the annual power output of the system increases by 390% to 713000 k Wh, accounting for 70.2% of the annual farm electricity consumption, the annual gain of the system is 249000 yuan, and the static investment recovery period is 1.1 years. The improved system has good economic, social and environmental benefits. (4) the optimized subsystems? The cost difference is not big, the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system is relatively high, after optimization of cogeneration, the system has better thermal economy. Efficiency is between 20% and 33%, winter is small, summer is the largest, spring and autumn is in the middle; optimized system output for the whole year? The economic coefficient of 0.417 yuan / k Wh, is much lower than the market price, which shows that it is feasible for the farm to adopt this mode of co-generation system. The innovation of this paper is as follows: (1) improve and optimize the co-generation system of heat and power, make the biogas power generation project of large-scale farm in Northwest China continuous and stable. (2) based on the climatic conditions in northwest China and the energy characteristics of large-scale farms, the new system is analyzed with different operation strategies, and the comprehensive benefit is maximized by using thermal economic analysis.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM61;S216.4

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