【摘要】：與逐漸減少的化石能源相比,分布式能源因其可再生性以及環(huán)境友好性日益受到人們的重視,以分布式能源為主的微電網(wǎng)也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。雖然微電網(wǎng)有諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是相對傳統(tǒng)的大電網(wǎng),微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)缺少慣性,更易受到外界干擾。借鑒同步發(fā)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性,虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)通常用作微網(wǎng)逆變器中各種分布式電源的接口,以便使系統(tǒng)具有更大的慣性。本文針對微網(wǎng)VSG下的控制策略進(jìn)行了研究。首先,本文對同步發(fā)電機(jī)的模型進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹,借鑒同步發(fā)電機(jī)的模型設(shè)計了VSG的本體算法,包括轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動方程和定子電壓方程。同時,借鑒同步發(fā)電機(jī)的功頻調(diào)節(jié)原理設(shè)計了VSG的功頻調(diào)節(jié)器;借鑒同步發(fā)電機(jī)的勵磁原理設(shè)計了VSG的勵磁調(diào)節(jié)器,并利用有功功率微分負(fù)反饋對系統(tǒng)的二階功頻控制部分進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)優(yōu)化,改善了系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)響應(yīng)特性。其次,分析微網(wǎng)并入大電網(wǎng)的條件,根據(jù)微網(wǎng)端電壓和電網(wǎng)電壓的相位自同步跟蹤原理,設(shè)計了VSG的預(yù)同步控制器。分析了VSG的靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,討論了VSG算法中部分關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的影響,為參數(shù)的選取提供了一定依據(jù)。同時在MATLAB中搭建仿真模型,驗(yàn)證了轉(zhuǎn)動慣量,阻尼系數(shù)等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)輸出的影響,同時也驗(yàn)證了預(yù)同步并網(wǎng)的可行性,以及并網(wǎng)時VSG的功率跟蹤能力。最后,本文研究了 VSG的底層電壓控制策略。由于負(fù)荷中的不平衡和非線性負(fù)載會對逆變器輸出電壓造成影響。為此,本文設(shè)計了一種電壓自適應(yīng)滑模控制器。以VSG作為基礎(chǔ)控制器,然后根據(jù)系統(tǒng)在αβ坐標(biāo)系下的方程,針對系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載擾動和參數(shù)攝動問題,設(shè)計了自適應(yīng)補(bǔ)償控制,使系統(tǒng)能在保持穩(wěn)定的條件下,減少輸出電壓的抖振。最后,對所提的控制策略與PI雙環(huán)解耦控制和常規(guī)滑模控制進(jìn)行了對比仿真試驗(yàn),結(jié)果顯示了本文提出控制策略在抑制電壓不平衡與諧波方面的有效性與魯棒性,提高了微網(wǎng)逆變器輸出電壓的電能質(zhì)量,有效地減少了并聯(lián)逆變器之間的環(huán)流。
[Abstract]:Compared with the decreasing fossil energy, distributed energy has been paid more and more attention because of its renewable and environmental friendliness, and microgrid, which is mainly distributed energy, has emerged as the times require. Although microgrid has many advantages, compared with traditional large power grid, microgrid system lacks inertia and is more susceptible to external interference. Based on the operating characteristics of synchronous generator, virtual synchronous generator (virtual synchronous generator,VSG) is usually used as the interface of distributed power supply in microgrid inverter, so as to make the system have greater inertia. In this paper, the control strategy of microgrid VSG is studied. Firstly, the model of synchronous generator is introduced in detail, and the ontology algorithm of VSG is designed based on the model of synchronous generator, including rotor motion equation and stator voltage equation. At the same time, the power and frequency regulator of VSG is designed based on the principle of power and frequency regulation of synchronous generator. Based on the excitation principle of synchronous generator, the excitation regulator of VSG is designed, and the second order power-frequency control part of the system is improved and optimized by differential and negative feedback of active power, which improves the dynamic response of the system. Secondly, based on the principle of phase self-synchronous tracking of microgrid terminal voltage and grid voltage, the pre-synchronization controller of VSG is designed. The static stability of VSG is analyzed, and the influence of some key parameters in the VSG algorithm on the stability of the system is discussed, which provides a basis for the selection of the parameters. At the same time, the simulation model is built in MATLAB to verify the influence of the key parameters such as moment of inertia and damping coefficient on the output of the system. The feasibility of pre-synchronous grid-connected system and the power tracking ability of VSG in grid-connected system are also verified. Finally, the bottom voltage control strategy of VSG is studied. Because of the unbalanced load and nonlinear load, the output voltage of the inverter will be affected. Therefore, a voltage adaptive sliding mode controller is designed. Taking VSG as the basic controller, according to the equation of the system in 偽 尾 coordinate system, the adaptive compensation control is designed for the load disturbance and parameter perturbation of the system. Reduce buffeting of output voltage. Finally, the proposed control strategy is compared with the PI double loop decoupling control and the conventional sliding mode control. The results show that the proposed control strategy is effective and robust in suppressing voltage imbalance and harmonics. The power quality of the output voltage of the microgrid inverter is improved, and the circulation between the parallel inverters is reduced effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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