【摘要】：從近年來風電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢來看,剩余可開發(fā)陸地風電場日益減少,海上風電場的開發(fā)是必然趨勢;考慮近海漁業(yè)、軍事等實際條件限制,深海漂浮式風力發(fā)電機組的開發(fā)具有重要意義。早在1972年,Massachusetts大學的Heronemus教授就提出了深海漂浮式風力發(fā)電機組設計理念。與陸地和近海風力發(fā)電機組不同,海上漂浮式風力發(fā)電機組無固定底座,采用的漂浮式平臺具有六自由度。然而,在復雜的服役環(huán)境下,海上漂浮式風電機組的載荷和運動特性都更復雜,不僅需要承受風載荷,還需要承受復雜的波浪載荷,這限制了海上漂浮式風電機組目前的實際應用。為此,本文以三浮桶支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的海上漂浮式風電機為研究對象,從“葉片載荷與運動分析—漂浮平臺設計—漂浮式平臺載荷與運動分析”這一主線展開相關研究工作,旨在厘清海上漂浮式風電機組結(jié)構(gòu)載荷建模與運動特性分析方法。本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新如下:(1)構(gòu)建了計及葉片柔性的載荷與運動特性建模方法。該方法將整個葉片劃分為若干個單元,單元之間采用彈性鉸模型,模型的精確程度可以通過葉片單元數(shù)進行控制。為便于分析,通過建立機艙坐標系,葉片坐標系,轉(zhuǎn)軸坐標系等坐標系對風電機組葉片的載荷進行分析。在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境下,構(gòu)建了葉片慣性載荷計算仿真模型,離心力載荷仿真模型,重力載荷仿真模型和氣動載荷仿真模型。通過對風電機組葉片載荷及運動特性進行數(shù)值仿真分析,基本掌握了其載荷與運動特性。(2)聯(lián)合考慮了風波之間的關聯(lián)特性,借助風電機組空氣動力學理論和波浪力學理論構(gòu)建風波載荷計算模型。討論了極限服役條件下風電機組三種典型受力模型,并以此為依據(jù)作為參數(shù)設計的基準。分析時當壓水艙的直徑與波長的比值DT/L0小于0.2視為小尺度結(jié)構(gòu),引入Morison方程進行載荷分析;當壓水艙的直徑與波長的比值DT/L0大于0.2視為大尺度結(jié)構(gòu),引入MacCamy-Fuchs公式進行載荷分析。(3)分析并建立了海上漂浮式風電機組在運行過程中承受的風載荷、波浪載荷、重力載荷等多重載荷模型,將運動過程劃分為平動和轉(zhuǎn)動的組合,并采用遞進迭代求解的方式進行綜合求解。最后在Simulink環(huán)境下將輸入風模型、葉片(風輪)模型、漂浮式平臺模型等多個子模型集成于風電機組整機仿真平臺中,并進行數(shù)值仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果能夠有效分析漂浮式風電機組運行載荷和運動特性,有助于理解其運行機理,為設計和控制提供參考。
[Abstract]:According to the development situation of wind power industry in recent years, the remaining exploitable land wind farm is decreasing day by day, and the development of offshore wind farm is an inevitable trend. The development of deep sea floating wind turbine is of great significance considering the actual conditions of offshore fishing and military. As early as 1972, Professor Heronemus of Massachusetts University proposed the design concept of deep-sea floating wind turbines. Unlike land and offshore wind turbines, offshore floating wind turbines have no fixed base, and the floating platform has six degrees of freedom. However, in the complex service environment, the load and motion characteristics of the floating wind turbine are more complex, which requires not only the wind load, but also the complex wave load. This limits the practical application of floating wind turbine. Therefore, this paper takes the floating wind motor with three floating bucket support structure as the research object, from the main line of "blade load and motion analysis-floating platform design-floating platform load and motion analysis" the related research work is carried out. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the method of structural load modeling and motion characteristic analysis of floating wind turbine. The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) the modeling method of load and motion characteristics considering blade flexibility is constructed. In this method, the whole blade is divided into several elements, and the elastic hinge model is used among the elements. The accuracy of the model can be controlled by the number of blade units. In order to facilitate the analysis, the load of wind turbine blade is analyzed by establishing the coordinate system of engine room, blade coordinate system, rotating axis coordinate system and so on. In the environment of Matlab/Simulink, the simulation models of inertia load, centrifugal force load, gravity load and aerodynamic load are constructed. Through the numerical simulation and analysis of the load and motion characteristics of wind turbine blades, the load and motion characteristics of wind turbine blades are basically grasped. (2) the correlation characteristics of wind waves are considered jointly. The wind wave load calculation model is constructed with the help of wind turbine aerodynamics theory and wave mechanics theory. This paper discusses three typical force models of wind turbine under the condition of limited service and takes them as the basis of parameter design. When the ratio of diameter to wavelength of the pressurized tank (DT/L0) is less than 0. 2 as a small scale structure, the Morison equation is introduced to analyze the load. When the ratio of diameter to wavelength of pressurized water tank (DT/L0) is more than 0. 2 as a large scale structure, the MacCamy-Fuchs formula is introduced to analyze the load. (3) the wind load of floating wind turbine is analyzed and established. The motion process is divided into the combination of translation and rotation in the model of multiple loads such as wave load and gravity load. The method of progressive iterative solution is used to solve the motion process synthetically. Finally, several sub-models, such as input wind model, blade (wind turbine) model, floating platform model and so on, are integrated into the wind turbine simulation platform under Simulink environment, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out. The simulation results can effectively analyze the operating load and motion characteristics of floating wind turbine, help to understand its operation mechanism, and provide reference for design and control.
【學位授予單位】：湖南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315

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本文編號：2402553