【摘要】：近年來,傳統(tǒng)能源的日益匱乏和環(huán)境的惡化推動(dòng)了新能源的大規(guī)模發(fā)展,使得新能源在我國(guó)電網(wǎng)中占比不斷增加,但受制于其自身的間歇性和波動(dòng)性,大規(guī)模風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電等新能源并網(wǎng)給電網(wǎng)的調(diào)峰、調(diào)頻帶來了極大的挑戰(zhàn)。已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)對(duì)于保障大規(guī)模間歇化新能源并網(wǎng)并解決傳統(tǒng)電力系統(tǒng)電能供需平衡問題具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。受機(jī)械渦卷彈簧儲(chǔ)能原理的啟發(fā),本團(tuán)隊(duì)先前提出了一種新型的機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能(Mechanical Elastic Energy Storage,MEES)技術(shù),該儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)將渦卷彈簧密封于儲(chǔ)能箱中作為儲(chǔ)能元件,通過特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的大儲(chǔ)能容量聯(lián)動(dòng)式儲(chǔ)能箱以及永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator,PMSG)的控制實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的存儲(chǔ)與發(fā)電。永磁電機(jī)式機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能機(jī)組是機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)的重要實(shí)現(xiàn)形式,其運(yùn)行包括儲(chǔ)能和發(fā)電兩大過程,本文對(duì)永磁電機(jī)式機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能機(jī)組的發(fā)電過程模型與控制方法進(jìn)行了研究,論文的主要工作如下:(1)介紹了機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能機(jī)組的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,構(gòu)建了儲(chǔ)能箱、永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)和變流器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,基于數(shù)學(xué)模型分析了機(jī)組的物理特性,闡述了機(jī)組發(fā)電運(yùn)行時(shí)控制問題的形成,為后續(xù)章節(jié)控制策略的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)針對(duì)儲(chǔ)能箱扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量同時(shí)變化的特性,提出了一種帶遺忘因子的最小二乘辨識(shí)及L_2增益相結(jié)合的反步控制策略。通過帶遺忘因子的最小二乘算法同時(shí)辨識(shí)實(shí)時(shí)變化的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量和輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩,結(jié)合反步控制和L_2增益干擾抑制方法設(shè)計(jì)了非線性反步控制器。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的控制策略能夠有效抑制渦簧箱參數(shù)時(shí)變帶來的干擾,保證了永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出電流能夠以給定參考值運(yùn)行。(3)考慮到PMSG實(shí)際運(yùn)行過程中內(nèi)部參數(shù)的不確定性,研究了在機(jī)組參數(shù)完全未知情形下的發(fā)電運(yùn)行控制策略,提出了一種基于模型參考自適應(yīng)追蹤的自適應(yīng)反步控制策略。通過設(shè)計(jì)模型參考自適應(yīng)算法跟蹤電感、磁鏈的參數(shù)攝動(dòng),以及動(dòng)力源轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的實(shí)時(shí)變化,然后基于追蹤結(jié)果結(jié)合電阻自適應(yīng)與反步控制設(shè)計(jì)了非線性反步控制器以最大程度消除所有未知參數(shù)擾動(dòng)帶來的不利影響。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)在參數(shù)完全未知情況下的快速動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)速精確控制。(4)研究了網(wǎng)側(cè)逆變器的控制策略,構(gòu)建了小型化機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能機(jī)組實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。利用反步理論設(shè)計(jì)了閉環(huán)電壓調(diào)節(jié)器和閉環(huán)無功調(diào)節(jié)器來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)PI控制器,基于搭建的機(jī)械彈性儲(chǔ)能機(jī)組實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),完成了機(jī)組發(fā)電運(yùn)行控制實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了本文提出的發(fā)電運(yùn)行控制策略的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the increasing shortage of traditional energy and the deterioration of environment have promoted the large-scale development of new energy, which makes the proportion of new energy in our power grid increasing, but limited by its own intermittent and volatility, large-scale wind power. The connection of photovoltaic and other new energy sources brings great challenges to the peak shaving and frequency modulation of power grid. Experience has shown that energy storage technology is of great practical significance to ensure large-scale intermittent new energy grid and to solve the problem of power supply and demand balance in traditional power system. Inspired by the principle of mechanical coil spring energy storage, the team previously proposed a new mechanoelastic energy storage (Mechanical Elastic Energy Storage,MEES) technique, which seals the coil spring in the storage tank as an energy storage element. The energy storage and generation are realized by the control of special structure large energy storage tank and permanent magnet synchronous generator (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator,PMSG). Permanent magnet motor type mechanical elastic energy storage unit is an important realization form of mechanical elastic energy storage technology. Its operation includes two major processes of energy storage and power generation. In this paper, the generation process model and control method of the permanent magnet motor type mechanical elastic energy storage unit are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the main structure and working principle of the mechanical elastic energy storage unit are introduced, and the energy storage tank is constructed. Based on the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous generator and converter, the physical characteristics of the unit are analyzed, and the formation of the control problem when generating power is described. It lays a foundation for the further study of control strategy. (2) in view of the simultaneous variation of torque and moment of inertia of energy storage tank, a backstepping control strategy is proposed, which combines least square identification with forgetting factor and LAP2 gain. The nonlinear backstepping controller is designed by using the least square algorithm with forgetting factor to identify the moment of inertia and input torque simultaneously. The nonlinear backstepping controller is designed by combining backstepping control with L2 gain interference suppression method. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively suppress the disturbance caused by the time-varying parameters of the coil spring box. The speed and output current of PMSG are guaranteed to run with a given reference value. (3) considering the uncertainty of internal parameters in the actual operation of PMSG, An adaptive backstepping control strategy based on model reference adaptive tracking is proposed in this paper. The model reference adaptive algorithm is designed to track the parameter perturbation of inductance, flux, and the real time variation of torque and moment of inertia of power source. Then a nonlinear backstepping controller is designed based on tracking results combined with resistive adaptive and backstepping control to eliminate the adverse effects of all unknown parameter disturbances to the maximum extent. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy realizes the fast dynamic response and accurate speed control of the system under the condition that the parameters are completely unknown. (4) the control strategy of the grid-side inverter is studied. An experimental platform for miniaturized mechanical elastic energy storage unit is constructed. The closed-loop voltage regulator and the closed-loop reactive power regulator are designed to replace the traditional PI controller by using the backstepping theory. Based on the experimental platform of the mechanical elastic energy storage unit, the power generation operation control experiment of the unit is completed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM313

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