【摘要】：現(xiàn)代電力能源中,基于風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽輻射發(fā)電的清潔能源具有出力隨機、間歇性停運和功率波動較為頻繁的特點。本文主要針對10kV以下交流微電網(wǎng),以平抑分布式能源功率波動,減小分布式能源對微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運行和孤島運行的不利影響為目的,研究了基于微電網(wǎng)混合儲能系統(tǒng)的充放電控制策略。首先,本文對分布式電源功率波動特點進行了分析,將系統(tǒng)出力分為穩(wěn)態(tài)波動功率、峰值波動功率以及往復(fù)性波動功率三種功率波動類型,并根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功率波動的平抑要求,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)超級電容器和鉛酸蓄電池二者存在優(yōu)勢互補,所組成的混合儲能系統(tǒng)可以有效吞吐波動功率,提高微電網(wǎng)的電能質(zhì)量。然后,將不同儲能元件復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)進行對比分析,確定使用含有雙向DC/DC變換器的兩級并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)作為集中式微電網(wǎng)的混合儲能系統(tǒng)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。接著設(shè)計了一種由實時狀態(tài)層、邏輯運算層與系統(tǒng)控制層組成的三層控制模型。其中,實時狀態(tài)層主要用于采集微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的功率波動信號與超級電容器的荷電狀態(tài),并制定基于超級電容器首先進行功率吞吐原則的充放電規(guī)則。邏輯運算層提供控制對象庫和控制算法庫兩種檢索預(yù)置庫。通過檢索控制對象庫可得到超級電容器與蓄電池不同充放電狀態(tài)下的控制對象,然后將控制對象傳遞給系統(tǒng)控制層,系統(tǒng)控制層對控制算法庫進行檢索,即可以得到相適應(yīng)的控制算法,然后經(jīng)過脈寬調(diào)制雙向DC/DC變換器占空比可對混合儲能系統(tǒng)功率吞吐進行協(xié)調(diào)控制。同時在系統(tǒng)控制層引入自整定模糊PI控制器替代傳統(tǒng)PI控制器作為輔助,可起到平抑功率非線性波動,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)運行的作用。最后,本文使用在Matlab/Smiulink仿真平臺搭建風(fēng)光儲微電網(wǎng)的模型進行計算仿真,證實提出的分層模糊控制策略能夠有效穩(wěn)定儲能系統(tǒng)直流電壓,平抑分布式電源功率波動,保證微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)和孤島模式的穩(wěn)定運行,實現(xiàn)負(fù)荷投切的平滑過渡。
[Abstract]:Among modern power sources, clean energy based on wind power generation and solar radiation power generation has the characteristics of random output, intermittent outage and frequent power fluctuation. The purpose of this paper is to suppress the fluctuation of distributed energy power and reduce the adverse effect of distributed energy on microgrid operation and islanding operation. Charge and discharge control strategy based on microgrid hybrid energy storage system is studied. Firstly, the characteristics of power fluctuation in distributed power generation are analyzed, and the system output is divided into three types: steady-state fluctuation power, peak fluctuation power and reciprocating fluctuating power, and according to the requirements of system power fluctuation, the system output is divided into three types: steady-state fluctuating power, peak fluctuating power and reciprocating fluctuating power. It is found that the supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries complement each other, and the hybrid energy storage system can effectively swallow and puff the fluctuating power and improve the power quality of the microgrid. Then, the composite structure of different energy storage elements is compared and analyzed, and the two-stage parallel structure with bi-directional DC/DC converter is determined as the composite structure of hybrid energy storage system of centralized micro-grid. Then, a three-layer control model is designed, which is composed of real-time state layer, logical operation layer and system control layer. Among them, the real-time state layer is mainly used to collect the power fluctuation signal and the charging state of the supercapacitor, and make the charge and discharge rules based on the principle of power huff and puff of supercapacitor. Logical operation layer provides control object library and control algorithm library to retrieve preset library. The control objects under different charge and discharge states of supercapacitor and battery can be obtained by retrieving the control object library, and then the control object is transferred to the control layer of the system, and the control algorithm library is retrieved by the system control layer. The adaptive control algorithm can be obtained, and then the hybrid energy storage system can be controlled harmoniously by the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated bidirectional DC/DC converter. At the same time, the self-tuning fuzzy PI controller is introduced in the system control layer instead of the traditional PI controller as the auxiliary, which can stabilize the nonlinear fluctuation of power and optimize the operation of the system. Finally, this paper uses the Matlab/Smiulink simulation platform to build the model of the solar microgrid for calculation and simulation, which proves that the proposed hierarchical fuzzy control strategy can effectively stabilize the DC voltage of the energy storage system and suppress the power fluctuation of the distributed power supply. To ensure the stable operation of microgrid grid-connected and islanding mode, and to realize the smooth transition of load switching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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