【摘要】：隨著21世紀(jì)工業(yè)和信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及人民生活水平的不斷提高,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、家用電器等對電力系統(tǒng)供電質(zhì)量不斷提出更高的要求,如何提供更加安全、穩(wěn)定、可靠的供電已成為現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)相關(guān)技術(shù)研究工作的方向。衡量電力系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量的指標(biāo)有:電壓、頻率和諧波。由于世界上已發(fā)生的幾起電壓失穩(wěn)事故均對當(dāng)時社會和人民的生產(chǎn)生活造成了嚴(yán)重影響,近年來,電力系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定問題備受社會各界和國際電工學(xué)會的重視。隨著電力工業(yè)的不斷進步,現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)日益向大電網(wǎng)、大機組、特高壓遠(yuǎn)距離輸電的方向發(fā)展,各種分布式電源、新能源并網(wǎng)及無功補償?shù)妊b置的使用,使電力系統(tǒng)的運行工況日趨復(fù)雜,動態(tài)因素不斷增加,導(dǎo)致電網(wǎng)維持電壓穩(wěn)定的難度不斷加大。在該背景下,本文考慮實際工況中的各種不確定因素和動態(tài)影響,如動態(tài)負(fù)荷、無功補償裝置動態(tài)特性、發(fā)電機動態(tài)特性和電磁功率擾動,分別對兩種不同的電力系統(tǒng)模型進行改進;利用電壓穩(wěn)定分岔分析方法,同時運用時域仿真和混沌理論作為補充,對多種負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下電力系統(tǒng)的電壓失穩(wěn)過程和機理、電壓穩(wěn)定域、負(fù)荷裕度和功率傳輸極限進行了全面分析;在此基礎(chǔ)上,分別基于有限時穩(wěn)定原理和對角矩陣的漸進穩(wěn)定原理設(shè)計了兩種非線性電壓穩(wěn)定控制器,并通過數(shù)值仿真驗證了控制器的有效性。首先,對傳統(tǒng)單機-PQ動態(tài)負(fù)荷電力系統(tǒng)模型進行改進,考慮系統(tǒng)受到電磁功率擾動、具有兩個不確定參數(shù)且由靜止無功補償器(SVC)支撐電壓;將無功補償增益k_(SVC)和系統(tǒng)無功負(fù)荷Q_d作為分岔參數(shù)(即不確定參數(shù)),利用分岔理論和混沌理論分析系統(tǒng)的一維平衡解流形(即電壓曲線)和時域仿真圖,得出了系統(tǒng)從電壓失穩(wěn)到崩潰的物理機理;利用系統(tǒng)的二維分岔曲線,分析了多參數(shù)變化下系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定運行極限、無功負(fù)荷裕度和SVC增益調(diào)節(jié)裕度;最后利用有限時穩(wěn)定控制原理進行控制器設(shè)計,實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的非線性電壓穩(wěn)定控制。其次,考慮系統(tǒng)具有三個不確定參數(shù),對含Walve動態(tài)負(fù)荷的單參數(shù)電力系統(tǒng)模型進行重新推導(dǎo),得到以P_1、Q_1和P_m為未定參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型;利用系統(tǒng)的電壓曲線、相軌跡、最大LE譜和分岔圖,綜合分析該系統(tǒng)在多種負(fù)荷情況下的電壓穩(wěn)定特性及系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)變化;對系統(tǒng)進行雙參數(shù)、三參數(shù)電壓穩(wěn)定分析,得到了系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定邊界、功率傳輸極限、負(fù)荷動態(tài)特性等。最后,提出基于對角陣的漸進穩(wěn)定原理的控制思路,設(shè)計了一種新型非線性電壓穩(wěn)定控制器,經(jīng)Matlab仿真驗證,該控制器能夠有效抑制電力系統(tǒng)的電壓失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象,提高系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定性,且具有較強的魯棒性。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry and information technology in the 21st century and the continuous improvement of people's living standard, industrial production equipment, household appliances and other power supply quality are constantly put forward higher requirements, how to provide more security and stability, Reliable power supply has become the research direction of modern power system related technology. The quality of power system is measured by voltage, frequency and harmonics. As several voltage instability accidents in the world have seriously affected the production and life of the society and people at that time, in recent years, the voltage stability of the power system has attracted the attention of the society and the International Electrotechnical Institute. With the continuous progress of power industry, modern power system is increasingly developing towards the direction of large power grid, large units, UHV long-distance transmission, the use of various distributed power sources, new energy grid connection and reactive power compensation, etc. The operation conditions of power system are becoming more and more complex and the dynamic factors are increasing, which makes it more difficult to maintain the voltage stability of the power network. In this context, various uncertain factors and dynamic effects such as dynamic load, dynamic characteristics of reactive power compensator, dynamic characteristics of generator and electromagnetic power disturbance are considered in this paper. Two different power system models are improved respectively. Using the method of voltage stability bifurcation analysis and using time domain simulation and chaos theory as a supplement, the voltage instability process and mechanism of power system under various load conditions and voltage stability region are studied. The load margin and power transmission limit are analyzed. On this basis, two kinds of nonlinear voltage stability controllers are designed based on the finite time stability principle and the diagonal matrix asymptotic stability principle, respectively, and the effectiveness of the controller is verified by numerical simulation. Firstly, the traditional single-machine PQ dynamic load power system model is improved, considering the electromagnetic power disturbance, the system has two uncertain parameters and is supported by the static Var compensator (SVC). Taking reactive power compensation gain k _ (SVC) and reactive load QD as bifurcation parameters (i.e. uncertain parameters), the one-dimensional equilibrium solution manifold (voltage curve) and time-domain simulation diagram of the system are analyzed by bifurcation theory and chaos theory. The physical mechanism of the system from voltage instability to collapse is obtained. The voltage stability limit, reactive load margin and SVC gain adjustment margin are analyzed by using the two-dimensional bifurcation curve of the system. Finally, the controller is designed based on the finite time stability control principle, and the nonlinear voltage stability control of the system is realized. Secondly, considering that the system has three uncertain parameters, the single-parameter power system model with Walve dynamic load is rededuced, and the mathematical model with PSP _ 1Q _ S _ 1 and P _ S _ m as undetermined parameters is obtained. Using the voltage curve, phase locus, maximum LE spectrum and bifurcation diagram, the voltage stability characteristics and the operating state of the system under various loads are comprehensively analyzed. The voltage stability of the system is analyzed with two parameters and three parameters. The voltage stability boundary, power transmission limit and load dynamic characteristics of the system are obtained. Finally, a novel nonlinear voltage stability controller based on the diagonal matrix asymptotic stability principle is proposed. The Matlab simulation shows that the controller can effectively suppress the voltage instability in power system. The voltage stability of the system is improved and the system is robust.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM712

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本文編號：2311206