【摘要】：風(fēng)能是一種綠色無污染的可再生能源,風(fēng)力發(fā)電已成為新能源發(fā)電技術(shù)中最具大規(guī)模開發(fā)和最有商業(yè)化發(fā)展前景的發(fā)電方式之一。由于永磁發(fā)電機效率高,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、可靠性高且可以做到多極低轉(zhuǎn)速,廣泛地為風(fēng)電機組采用,具有很好的應(yīng)用前景。本課題研究主要是以一種新型復(fù)合磁路外轉(zhuǎn)子永磁風(fēng)力發(fā)電機為研究對象,研究其電磁設(shè)計方法、電磁場有限元仿真及三維性能分析,為低風(fēng)速風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)提供一定的理論依據(jù)。首先,針對傳統(tǒng)的外轉(zhuǎn)子永磁風(fēng)力發(fā)電機采用場路結(jié)合法進行電磁設(shè)計和研究分析。根據(jù)給定的設(shè)計指標(biāo),初步選取電機主要尺寸、電磁負(fù)荷參數(shù)、永磁材料和形狀、極槽匹配、繞組形式等結(jié)構(gòu),通過等效磁路計算定轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和電磁性能參數(shù);基于RMxprt電機專家設(shè)計軟件的路算完成永磁發(fā)電機的初始計算,進行參數(shù)化分析,研究永磁體磁化方向長度、定子齒寬與磁密分布的關(guān)系曲線,鐵心有效軸長與效率、輸出功率的變化曲線,確定永磁發(fā)電機的初始方案。其次,在Maxwell 2D電磁場有限元分析軟件中,建立永磁發(fā)電機模型并對電機內(nèi)部的電磁場進行更為精確的靜態(tài)磁場和瞬態(tài)磁場仿真分析。靜態(tài)磁場中得到磁力線分布圖、磁密云圖及齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩曲線驗證電機基本電磁性能,瞬態(tài)磁場中分別進行空載、額定負(fù)載及短路故障三種工況下的仿真分析,分析永磁發(fā)電機的電樞反應(yīng)情況和不同轉(zhuǎn)速下輸出電壓的變化。二維電磁場仿真分析為復(fù)合磁路結(jié)構(gòu)永磁風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的三維仿真和電磁設(shè)計研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。最后,在完成傳統(tǒng)外轉(zhuǎn)子永磁發(fā)電機研究分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步改進電機磁路結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計一種新型復(fù)合磁路結(jié)構(gòu)的永磁發(fā)電機,通過機械繪圖軟件Solidworks建立轉(zhuǎn)子磁路的三維模型,導(dǎo)入Maxwell 3D電磁場有限元分析軟件,進行復(fù)合磁路結(jié)構(gòu)的三維性能分析,與傳統(tǒng)的徑向磁路結(jié)構(gòu)永磁發(fā)電機對比,形成以軸向磁路為主磁路,徑向為輔的復(fù)合磁路結(jié)構(gòu),增大了氣隙磁密,減少永磁體材料,降低了電機成本。同時啟動磁阻力矩大大減少,提高了低風(fēng)速啟動性能。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a kind of green and pollution-free renewable energy. Wind power generation has become one of the most widely developed and commercialized power generation methods in the new energy generation technology. Because of its high efficiency, simple structure, high reliability and multipole low speed, permanent magnet generator is widely used in wind turbine, and has a good application prospect. In this paper, the electromagnetic design method, electromagnetic finite element simulation and three dimensional performance analysis of a new type of composite magnetic outer rotor permanent magnet wind generator are studied. It provides some theoretical basis for low wind speed wind power generation technology. Firstly, the electromagnetic design and analysis of the traditional external rotor permanent magnet wind turbine are carried out by field circuit method. According to the given design index, the main dimensions, electromagnetic load parameters, permanent magnet material and shape, pole slot matching, winding form and other structures are preliminarily selected, and the structure parameters and electromagnetic performance parameters of stator and rotor are calculated by equivalent magnetic circuit. Based on the RMxprt motor expert design software, the initial calculation of the permanent magnet generator is completed, and the parameterized analysis is carried out. The magnetization direction length of the permanent magnet, the relationship curve between the stator tooth width and the magnetic density distribution, the effective shaft length and the efficiency of the core are studied. The change curve of output power is used to determine the initial scheme of permanent magnet generator. Secondly, in the finite element analysis software of Maxwell 2D electromagnetic field, the permanent magnet generator model is established and the static magnetic field and transient magnetic field are simulated more accurately. In the static magnetic field, the distribution diagram of the magnetic force line, the magnetic density cloud diagram and the torque curve of the tooth slot are obtained to verify the basic electromagnetic performance of the motor. The simulation analysis is carried out under the three working conditions of no-load, rated load and short-circuit fault respectively in the transient magnetic field. The armature reaction of permanent magnet generator and the variation of output voltage at different rotational speeds are analyzed. The simulation analysis of two-dimensional electromagnetic field lays a theoretical foundation for the three-dimensional simulation and electromagnetic design of the composite magnetic circuit structure permanent magnet wind turbine. Finally, on the basis of the research and analysis of the traditional outer rotor permanent magnet generator, the magnetic circuit structure of the motor is further improved, and a new type of permanent magnet generator with compound magnetic circuit structure is designed. The three-dimensional model of the rotor magnetic circuit is established by the mechanical drawing software Solidworks. The Maxwell 3D electromagnetic field finite element analysis software was introduced to analyze the three-dimensional performance of the composite magnetic circuit structure. Compared with the traditional radial magnetic circuit structure permanent magnet generator, the composite magnetic circuit structure was formed with axial magnetic circuit as the main magnetic circuit and radial as the auxiliary. The air gap magnetic density is increased, the permanent magnet material is reduced, and the motor cost is reduced. At the same time, the starting magnetoresistive torque is greatly reduced, and the starting performance of low wind speed is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315

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