【摘要】：近年來,能源短缺和環(huán)境污染問題給人們的生活帶來了巨大的負面影響,在其雙重壓力下,人們越來越關(guān)注對多能源微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)的研究。作為一種新型的供電系統(tǒng),微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)具有能源供給多樣化、可再生能源利用率高、環(huán)境污染小、饋線損耗少、控制方便、運行方式靈活以及供電可靠性高等優(yōu)點,因而,大力發(fā)展、研究與應(yīng)用微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)是十分必要的。微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化配置與經(jīng)濟運行課題作為微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)的重要組成部分,能夠有效地提高系統(tǒng)運行的安全性、可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、環(huán)保性以及經(jīng)濟性。微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化配置與經(jīng)濟運行,顧名思義包含有兩部分,其一指的是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各分布式電源的配置問題,它在微電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計初始階段起至關(guān)重要的作用,同時,合理的系統(tǒng)配置能夠有效地提高后期運行的經(jīng)濟性;其二是系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟運行問題,主要從經(jīng)濟角度考慮,有時還會考慮到環(huán)境、供電可靠性等因素的影響,優(yōu)化各分布式電源與儲能裝置的出力情況,以達到整個微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟可靠運行。本文針對多能源微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng),深入地分析和研究了系統(tǒng)的配置與運行問題。其中,該微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中的微電源主要由風機、光伏電池、微型燃氣輪機、燃料電池、柴油機以及蓄電池組成。主要的研究內(nèi)容與創(chuàng)新工作如下:(1)以多能源微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,分析了其組成結(jié)構(gòu),研究了各分布式電源與儲能裝置的特性,并結(jié)合其運行特性與重要參數(shù),建立了各發(fā)電機組的輸出功率模型,為后期建立系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化模型做準備。(2)建立了微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置的數(shù)學模型,同時還提出了相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)評價指標,用以評價所建模型的合理性。本文將初期購買設(shè)備的總投資成本轉(zhuǎn)換成設(shè)備每年的投資成本,再綜合每年設(shè)備更換成本與設(shè)備每年的維護費用,將三者結(jié)合作為系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置的目標函數(shù)。(3)針對含有多個目標的微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟運行問題,將粒子群算法應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟優(yōu)化問題之中。本文從機組運行、燃料消耗、供電懲罰、污染物處理以及與外部大電網(wǎng)進行的售電收益這五方面的費用著手,建立了含有多個目標函數(shù)的系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟運行模型,并提出了相關(guān)的評價指標以及多個約束條件。(4)基于以上所建立的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化模型,結(jié)合實際,分別對系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化配置問題和經(jīng)濟運行問題進行案例分析。結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化方案設(shè)計合理,且能夠為多能源微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)提供強有力的理論支撐。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution have brought great negative effects to people's lives. Under the double pressure, people pay more and more attention to the research of multi-energy micro-grid technology. As a new type of power supply system, microgrid system has the advantages of diversified energy supply, high renewable energy utilization, low environmental pollution, less feeder loss, convenient control, flexible operation mode and high reliability of power supply. It is necessary to develop and apply microgrid technology. As an important part of microgrid technology, the optimal configuration and economic operation of microgrid system can effectively improve the security, reliability, stability, environmental protection and economy of the system. The optimal configuration and economic operation of microgrid system, as the name implies, includes two parts. One is the configuration problem of distributed generation within the system, which plays an important role in the initial stage of microgrid planning and design, and at the same time, Reasonable system configuration can effectively improve the economy of late operation. Second, the problem of system economic operation is mainly considered from the economic point of view, and sometimes the influence of environment, power supply reliability and other factors are also taken into account. In order to achieve the economical and reliable operation of the whole microgrid system, the output of each distributed power source and energy storage device is optimized. In this paper, the configuration and operation of multi-energy micro-grid system are analyzed and studied. The micro power supply in the system is mainly composed of fan, photovoltaic cell, micro gas turbine, fuel cell, diesel engine and battery. The main research contents and innovations are as follows: (1) taking the multi-energy micro-grid system as the research object, the structure of the system is analyzed, and the characteristics of each distributed generation and energy storage device are studied, and the operation characteristics and important parameters are combined. The output power model of each generator set is established to prepare for the establishment of the system optimization model in the later stage. (2) the mathematical model of the optimal configuration of the microgrid system is established, and the corresponding system evaluation index is also proposed. It is used to evaluate the rationality of the model. In this paper, the total investment cost of the initial equipment purchase is converted into the annual investment cost of the equipment, and then the annual equipment replacement cost and the annual maintenance cost of the equipment are combined. (3) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to the economic optimization problem of microgrid systems with multiple targets. In this paper, a system economic operation model with multiple objective functions is established from the five aspects of unit operation, fuel consumption, power supply penalty, pollutant treatment and the revenue from electricity sales with large external power grids. And put forward the related evaluation index and several constraints. (4) based on the above system optimization model, combined with the actual, respectively, the optimal configuration of the system and the economic operation of the case study. The results show that the optimal scheme is reasonable and can provide a strong theoretical support for the planning and construction of multi-energy micro-grid system.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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