水平軸磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機支承系統(tǒng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 19:05
【摘要】：風(fēng)力發(fā)電機支承系統(tǒng)是整個發(fā)電機中的關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的支承系統(tǒng)主要采用機械軸承作為主要結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,啟動風(fēng)速一般要到達3m/s以上才可啟動,要求較高。與此同時在采用機械軸承的支承系統(tǒng)中軸承間的機械接觸時會產(chǎn)生機械摩擦與磨損。機械摩擦?xí)a(chǎn)生一部分功率損耗,大大降低了風(fēng)能所帶來的有效功率;而機械磨損的產(chǎn)生將會使支承系統(tǒng)的硬件受損,影響整機工作,極有可能發(fā)生重大故障。因為傳統(tǒng)電機有諸多不足,磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機應(yīng)運而生。將磁懸浮支承系統(tǒng)替換傳統(tǒng)水平軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機中的機械軸承支承系統(tǒng)即是水平軸磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機。其具有啟動性能好,風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化效率更高,壽命長,市場占有率高等特點。因此研究如何優(yōu)化磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的結(jié)構(gòu)以及提高其性能將是未來磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的發(fā)展趨勢。現(xiàn)有的大部分徑向磁軸承都采用四磁極或八磁極機械結(jié)構(gòu),但是通常采用直流功率放大器,制造成本相對偏高、體積上也相對較大而且效率偏低。與之不同的是交流磁軸承通常采取三相交流功率逆變器對整個軸承進行驅(qū)動,并且相比于功率放大器,三相逆變器具有應(yīng)用技術(shù)更加成熟完善、價格便宜、穩(wěn)定性高、整體體積較小等優(yōu)點,可大大降低控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)成本。本文結(jié)合了磁通切換電機單位體積內(nèi)氣隙磁密大的優(yōu)點并參考其機械機構(gòu),提出了一種新型異極式結(jié)構(gòu)的徑向二自由度混合磁軸承。使用新型混合磁軸承做為徑向支承結(jié)構(gòu),軸向采用一個三極混合磁軸承作為支承結(jié)構(gòu)。針對該磁懸浮支承系統(tǒng)進行了理論與試驗研究。本文主要研究工作如下:1.介紹了磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機工作原理。對三種經(jīng)典的磁懸浮支承系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案進行分析比較工作。三種設(shè)計方案均有不足,都未能達到設(shè)計的要求。因此本文創(chuàng)新設(shè)計出一種新型小型水平軸磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機。該支承系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案采用“徑向-軸向-徑向”的支承結(jié)構(gòu),其中徑向采用創(chuàng)新設(shè)計的新型徑向混合磁軸承,軸向采用經(jīng)典的三極混合磁軸承。本文先說明了軸向支承系統(tǒng)的軸向三極混合磁軸承的工作原理,構(gòu)建出了該三極混合磁軸承的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并根據(jù)其數(shù)學(xué)模型計算得出設(shè)計參數(shù)。最后利用仿真軟件對其進行有限元網(wǎng)格剖分,未加控制電流時永磁環(huán)偏置磁場磁通密度分布以及通入最大控制電流磁通密度分布的矢量圖。2.詳細介紹了該新型磁軸承的機械結(jié)構(gòu)及其工作原理。采用等效磁路法構(gòu)建出該新型徑向混合磁軸承的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并通過該數(shù)學(xué)模型計算出該磁軸承最大承載力的數(shù)學(xué)表達式。通過計算得出該新型徑向混合磁軸承的詳細設(shè)計參數(shù)。通過計算出的詳細設(shè)計參數(shù)在Ansoft仿真軟件中繪制出該新型磁軸承的3D模型,并進行了電磁仿真,分析了該磁軸承中懸浮力與控制電流,懸浮力與轉(zhuǎn)子位移之間的線性關(guān)系。通過仿真分析的結(jié)果表明,該新型混合磁軸承參數(shù)設(shè)計合理,可達到設(shè)計該徑向磁軸承的承載力要求。3.根據(jù)整個磁懸浮系統(tǒng)的工作原理,構(gòu)建了以DSP 2812為控制核心的徑向混合磁軸承的控制系統(tǒng)。重點闡述了該新型磁軸承的控制系統(tǒng)中的硬件電路各個模塊的設(shè)計以及軟件的開發(fā)與調(diào)試。4.利用VB6.0作為人機交互界面進行調(diào)試工作,并對該五自由度懸浮支承系統(tǒng)的軸、徑向磁軸承分別進行了起浮、穩(wěn)定懸浮和擾動試驗。驗證了該五自由度懸浮支承系統(tǒng)的可行性與合理行,驗證了構(gòu)建的數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的正確性與調(diào)試的精確性。
[Abstract]:The support system of wind turbine is the key system structure of the whole generator. The traditional support system of wind turbine mainly uses mechanical bearing as the main structure. Therefore, the starting wind speed usually needs to reach more than 3m/s to start, which requires higher requirements. At the same time, the mechanical contact between bearings in the support system using mechanical bearing is also required. Mechanical friction will produce a part of the power loss, greatly reducing the wind energy brought about by the effective power; and the mechanical wear will make the supporting system hardware damage, affect the whole machine work, is likely to occur major failures. The magnetic suspension bearing system is replaced by the mechanical bearing supporting system in the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, which is the horizontal axis magnetic suspension wind turbine. Most of the existing radial magnetic bearings adopt four or eight magnetic poles mechanical structure, but usually use DC power amplifier, which has relatively high manufacturing cost, relatively large volume and low efficiency. The power inverter drives the whole bearing, and compared with the power amplifier, the three-phase inverter has the advantages of more mature application technology, cheaper price, high stability, small overall volume, and so on, which can greatly reduce the development cost of the control system. Referring to its mechanism, a new type of radial two-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing with different poles is proposed. A new type of hybrid magnetic bearing is used as radial support structure and a three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used as axial support structure. The working principle of the maglev wind turbine is introduced. Three classical design schemes of the maglev support system are analyzed and compared. All the three schemes are insufficient and can not meet the design requirements. Therefore, a new type of small horizontal axis maglev wind turbine is designed in this paper. The design scheme of the support system is adopted. The radial-axial-radial support structure is used, in which a new radial hybrid magnetic bearing with innovative design is adopted in the radial direction and a classical three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used in the axial direction. Finally, the finite element mesh is generated by the simulation software. The flux density distribution of the bias magnetic field and the vector diagram of the flux density distribution of the maximum control current are obtained when the control current is not added. 2. The mechanical structure and working principle of the new magnetic bearing are introduced in detail. The mathematic model of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing is constructed by the road method, and the mathematic expression of the maximum bearing capacity is calculated by the mathematic model. The detailed design parameters of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing are obtained by the calculation. The detailed design parameters are drawn out in Ansoft simulation software. The linear relationship between the suspension force and the control current, the suspension force and the rotor displacement is analyzed. The simulation results show that the parameters of the new hybrid magnetic bearing are reasonable and the bearing capacity of the radial magnetic bearing can be designed. 3. According to the work of the whole magnetic suspension system. The control system of radial hybrid magnetic bearing with DSP 2812 as the control core is constructed. The design of hardware circuit and the development and debugging of software in the control system of the new type magnetic bearing are described emphatically. 4. The debugging work is carried out by using VB6.0 as the man-machine interface, and the five-degree-of-freedom suspension bearing system is also carried out. The floating, stable suspension and disturbance tests of the axle and radial magnetic bearing are carried out respectively. The feasibility and rationality of the five-degree-of-freedom suspension support system are verified, and the correctness of the digital control system design and the accuracy of debugging are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315
[Abstract]:The support system of wind turbine is the key system structure of the whole generator. The traditional support system of wind turbine mainly uses mechanical bearing as the main structure. Therefore, the starting wind speed usually needs to reach more than 3m/s to start, which requires higher requirements. At the same time, the mechanical contact between bearings in the support system using mechanical bearing is also required. Mechanical friction will produce a part of the power loss, greatly reducing the wind energy brought about by the effective power; and the mechanical wear will make the supporting system hardware damage, affect the whole machine work, is likely to occur major failures. The magnetic suspension bearing system is replaced by the mechanical bearing supporting system in the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, which is the horizontal axis magnetic suspension wind turbine. Most of the existing radial magnetic bearings adopt four or eight magnetic poles mechanical structure, but usually use DC power amplifier, which has relatively high manufacturing cost, relatively large volume and low efficiency. The power inverter drives the whole bearing, and compared with the power amplifier, the three-phase inverter has the advantages of more mature application technology, cheaper price, high stability, small overall volume, and so on, which can greatly reduce the development cost of the control system. Referring to its mechanism, a new type of radial two-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing with different poles is proposed. A new type of hybrid magnetic bearing is used as radial support structure and a three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used as axial support structure. The working principle of the maglev wind turbine is introduced. Three classical design schemes of the maglev support system are analyzed and compared. All the three schemes are insufficient and can not meet the design requirements. Therefore, a new type of small horizontal axis maglev wind turbine is designed in this paper. The design scheme of the support system is adopted. The radial-axial-radial support structure is used, in which a new radial hybrid magnetic bearing with innovative design is adopted in the radial direction and a classical three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used in the axial direction. Finally, the finite element mesh is generated by the simulation software. The flux density distribution of the bias magnetic field and the vector diagram of the flux density distribution of the maximum control current are obtained when the control current is not added. 2. The mechanical structure and working principle of the new magnetic bearing are introduced in detail. The mathematic model of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing is constructed by the road method, and the mathematic expression of the maximum bearing capacity is calculated by the mathematic model. The detailed design parameters of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing are obtained by the calculation. The detailed design parameters are drawn out in Ansoft simulation software. The linear relationship between the suspension force and the control current, the suspension force and the rotor displacement is analyzed. The simulation results show that the parameters of the new hybrid magnetic bearing are reasonable and the bearing capacity of the radial magnetic bearing can be designed. 3. According to the work of the whole magnetic suspension system. The control system of radial hybrid magnetic bearing with DSP 2812 as the control core is constructed. The design of hardware circuit and the development and debugging of software in the control system of the new type magnetic bearing are described emphatically. 4. The debugging work is carried out by using VB6.0 as the man-machine interface, and the five-degree-of-freedom suspension bearing system is also carried out. The floating, stable suspension and disturbance tests of the axle and radial magnetic bearing are carried out respectively. The feasibility and rationality of the five-degree-of-freedom suspension support system are verified, and the correctness of the digital control system design and the accuracy of debugging are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王曉;謝振宇;周紅凱;;磁懸浮風(fēng)力發(fā)電機零偏置電流控制策略研究[J];振動與沖擊;2014年23期
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