發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 11:49

【摘要】：近年來,由于能源危機(jī)與生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,以光伏為代表的分布式發(fā)電(Distributed generation,DG)受到人們廣泛的關(guān)注。與交流微電網(wǎng)相比,直流微電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、控制方便,已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。然而,分布式電源發(fā)電不穩(wěn)定,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的可靠性。為了使系統(tǒng)連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定的供電,需要給光伏系統(tǒng)配備相應(yīng)的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)。由能量型儲(chǔ)能元件蓄電池和功率型儲(chǔ)能元件超級(jí)電容器構(gòu)成的混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)(Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS),可以優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ),充分利用二者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。配以相應(yīng)的能量管理方案和控制策略,可以有效延長系統(tǒng)使用壽命。本文以含混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的光伏直流微電網(wǎng)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其運(yùn)行和控制相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了研究。針對(duì)混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)中蓄電池使用壽命短及超級(jí)電容器容量小的缺點(diǎn),提出了一種混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)能量管理方案;為合理利用微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)各資源,研究了一種含混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的光伏直流微電網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)控制策略。首先,介紹了光伏-混合儲(chǔ)能直流微電網(wǎng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。建立了光伏電池、蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對(duì)其輸出特性做了分析與研究。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)工作要求設(shè)置了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)恒壓控制(CVC)和最大功率跟蹤控制(MPPT)兩種工作模式。其中,MPPT控制選用增量電導(dǎo)法。并研究了雙向DC/DC變換器和雙向DC/AC變換器的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理。其次,研究了一種蓄電池與超級(jí)電容器構(gòu)成的混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的能量管理策略。根據(jù)兩種儲(chǔ)能元件的工作特性,優(yōu)化其充放電的過程,使蓄電池工作電流平滑變化,超級(jí)電容器承擔(dān)功率波動(dòng)的部分,有效延長儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)使用壽命。針對(duì)超級(jí)電容器能量密度小的特點(diǎn),研究了一種基于超級(jí)電容器荷電狀態(tài)(Stage of Charge,SOC)分區(qū)的限值管理策略,在根據(jù)SOC劃分的不同工作區(qū)內(nèi)合理調(diào)整蓄電池與超級(jí)電容器各自承擔(dān)功率,有效改善了因超級(jí)電容器過充或過放導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)不能正常工作的缺點(diǎn),維持系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行。在Matlab/Simulink中對(duì)混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)能量管理策略的有效性進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。然后,綜合儲(chǔ)能裝置荷電狀態(tài)和系統(tǒng)功率平衡,研究了一種含混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的光伏直流微電網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)控制策略。在不同的工作狀況下,對(duì)直流微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)工作模式進(jìn)行合理劃分,同時(shí)確定各個(gè)變換器的工作狀態(tài),對(duì)微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)各個(gè)單元的能量進(jìn)行合理配置。在Matlab/Simulink中對(duì)系統(tǒng)各個(gè)工作模式及工作模式切換進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證,仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該策略的有效性。最后,對(duì)含混合儲(chǔ)能的光伏直流微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了硬件與軟件的設(shè)計(jì)。以DSP2812為控制核心,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建了混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。對(duì)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)試,完成了功率分配實(shí)驗(yàn),初步驗(yàn)證了混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)能量管理策略的正確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, distributed generation (Distributed generation,DG), represented by photovoltaic (PV), has attracted wide attention due to energy crisis and deterioration of ecological environment. Compared with AC microgrid, DC microgrid has become a hot research area because of its simple structure and convenient control. However, the instability of distributed power generation will seriously affect the reliability of power generation system. In order to supply the system continuously and stably, it is necessary to equip the photovoltaic system with the corresponding energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system (Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS), which consists of energy storage element battery and power type energy storage element supercapacitor, can complement each other and make full use of the advantages of both. With the corresponding energy management scheme and control strategy, the service life of the system can be effectively extended. In this paper, the operation and control of PV DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system are studied. In view of the short life of storage battery and the small capacity of supercapacitor in hybrid energy storage system, a new energy management scheme for hybrid energy storage system is proposed. A coordinated control strategy for photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied. Firstly, the structure of PV-hybrid energy storage DC microgrid is introduced. Mathematical models of photovoltaic cells, batteries and supercapacitors are established, and their output characteristics are analyzed and studied. According to the working requirements of the system, two working modes, constant voltage control (CVC) and maximum power tracking control (MPPT), are set up for photovoltaic power generation system. The incremental conductance method is used for MPPT control. The structure and working principle of two-way DC/DC converter and two-way DC/AC converter are studied. Secondly, the energy management strategy of a hybrid energy storage system composed of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. According to the working characteristics of two kinds of energy storage elements, the process of charging and discharging is optimized, so that the working current of the battery changes smoothly and the supercapacitor bears the part of power fluctuation, which effectively prolongs the service life of the energy storage system. In view of the small energy density of supercapacitors, a limit management strategy based on supercapacitor charge state (Stage of Charge,SOC) partition is studied. According to the different working areas divided by SOC, the power of storage battery and supercapacitor is adjusted reasonably, which effectively improves the shortcoming that the system can not work properly due to overcharge or overdischarge of the supercapacitor, and maintains the normal operation of the system. The effectiveness of the energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system is verified by simulation in Matlab/Simulink. Then, a coordinated control strategy of photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied by synthesizing the charging state of the energy storage device and the power balance of the system. In different working conditions, the working mode of DC microgrid system is divided reasonably, the working state of each converter is determined, and the energy of each unit in the micro-grid is allocated reasonably. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the strategy in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the hardware and software of the PV DC microgrid system with hybrid energy storage are designed. Taking DSP2812 as the control core, the experimental platform of hybrid energy storage system is built in the laboratory. The subsystem is debugged and the power allocation experiment is completed, which preliminarily verifies the correctness of the energy management strategy of the hybrid energy storage system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM727

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