【摘要】：本課題來源于“南北極環(huán)境綜合考察和評估”(編號:CHINAER2015-02-02)專項項目。主要是對南極低溫環(huán)境下極地冰物質平衡監(jiān)測站小型風光互補供電系統(tǒng)展開的一項應用研究。南極冰蓋對全球熱量平衡起著重要的調節(jié)作用,隨著全球變暖速度逐漸加快,南極地區(qū)的冰蓋也隨著溫度的升高而加速融化,全球海平面升高的危險正日益臨近。因此,研究冰蓋的物質平衡與氣候的關系是十分必要的。極地冰物質平衡監(jiān)測站是用于南極地區(qū)對冰蓋物質平衡信息進行采集和數據遠程傳輸的多功能監(jiān)測站。由于南極地區(qū)溫度低下、環(huán)境惡劣,導致監(jiān)測站的供電續(xù)航能力不長,造成很多科考數據的丟失。本文以極地冰物質平衡監(jiān)測站的供電系統(tǒng)為研究對象,考慮該監(jiān)測站在南極工作時存在低溫、極晝極夜等特殊環(huán)境狀況,研究了該監(jiān)測站在特殊環(huán)境下的小型風光互補供電系統(tǒng)。首先,針對南極低溫環(huán)境對風光互補供電系統(tǒng)的硬件進行了選型,保證所選設備在低溫環(huán)境下能夠正常工作。以南極安裝地點的氣候數據為依據對所選設備能否滿足要求進行了能量匹配計算,結果證明所選型號能夠滿足系統(tǒng)需求。其次,在低溫環(huán)境下對所選的卷繞式鉛酸蓄電池進行放電實驗,探究蓄電池在低溫下容量的變化,根據實驗結果可知:蓄電池的容量會隨著溫度的降低而減少,所放的電量隨著溫度降低會變少。隨后,在低溫環(huán)境下對蓄電池進行充電實驗,由實驗結果顯示,隨著周圍溫度下降,會降低蓄電池對電流的接受能力,溫度在-10℃時,蓄電池可以接受比較大的電流;而當溫度降低到-20℃以下時,應選用小電流充電,能夠保證蓄電池充入更多的電量。再次,為了能夠在-10℃時為蓄電池充入更多的電量,分別提出了風能和太陽能的最大功率跟蹤控制策略,并通過MATLAB軟件對所選擇的策略進行仿真實驗,實驗證明所選擇的策略能夠滿足要求。然后以低溫下的電池實驗為基礎,結合風能和太陽能控制策略以及南極特殊環(huán)境提出了蓄電池的充電控制策略。最后,以MSP430單片機為主控芯片,設計了風光互補控制器的主電路以及實現(xiàn)各個功能的外圍電路。本次選用的器件能夠滿足低溫環(huán)境下要求,制作出小型風光互補控制器,編寫了相關程序,并在實驗室條件下對其功能進行了驗證。隨后,該供電系統(tǒng)跟隨南極第33次科學考察隊,在南極地區(qū)進行了現(xiàn)場實驗,結果表明所設計的風光互補供電控制器能夠滿足需求,并保證極地冰物質平衡監(jiān)測站有效工作。
[Abstract]:This project comes from the special project of "Comprehensive investigation and Assessment of the Arctic and Polar Environment" (No.: CHINAER2015-02-02). This paper mainly focuses on an applied study of the polar ice material balance monitoring station in the Antarctic low temperature environment. The Antarctic ice sheet plays an important role in regulating the global heat balance. With the acceleration of global warming and the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet with the increase of temperature, the danger of global sea level rise is approaching. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between ice sheet mass balance and climate. Polar ice mass balance monitoring station is a multifunctional monitoring station used for collecting and transmitting information of ice sheet material balance in Antarctic area. Due to the low temperature and poor environment in the Antarctic area, the power supply capacity of the monitoring station is not long and many scientific data are lost. In this paper, the power supply system of the polar ice material balance monitoring station is taken as the research object, considering the special environmental conditions such as low temperature, extreme day and night when the monitoring station is working in the Antarctic. This paper studies the complementary power supply system of small scale wind and wind in the special environment of the monitoring station. Firstly, the hardware of the solar power supply system is selected for the Antarctic low temperature environment to ensure that the selected equipment can work normally under the low temperature environment. Based on the climate data of the Antarctic installation site, the energy matching calculation of whether the selected equipment can meet the requirements is carried out, and the results show that the selected model can meet the requirements of the system. Secondly, in the low temperature environment, the discharge experiment is carried out to investigate the change of the battery capacity at low temperature. According to the experimental results, the capacity of the battery will decrease with the decrease of temperature. The amount of electricity emitted decreases as the temperature decreases. Then, the battery was charged at low temperature. The results showed that with the decrease of ambient temperature, the receptivity of the battery to the current would be reduced, and the battery could accept a larger current when the temperature was -10 鈩，

本文編號：2201642