【摘要】：近年來(lái),多次大規(guī)模停電事故給人類社會(huì)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,嚴(yán)重威脅社會(huì)安全,極大地引起了人們對(duì)電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行安全性的關(guān)注。電網(wǎng)大停電事故多是由于過(guò)負(fù)荷、元件故障、控制保護(hù)及通信系統(tǒng)故障等內(nèi)部因素和自然災(zāi)害等外部因素導(dǎo)致電網(wǎng)中某些脆弱線路或重要節(jié)點(diǎn)退出運(yùn)行,進(jìn)而引發(fā)連鎖故障導(dǎo)致。在日常運(yùn)行時(shí),加強(qiáng)對(duì)重要節(jié)點(diǎn)和脆弱線路的關(guān)注有利于提高電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的安全性,減少大停電發(fā)生的概率;在自然災(zāi)害來(lái)臨前,電網(wǎng)企業(yè)通過(guò)提高重要節(jié)點(diǎn)與脆弱線路的抗災(zāi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建骨干網(wǎng)架,以此保證對(duì)重要負(fù)荷供電,加快災(zāi)后恢復(fù)速度,減少大停電事故造成的影響。本文圍繞電網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度評(píng)估、脆弱線路辨識(shí)及骨干網(wǎng)架識(shí)別等問(wèn)題展開研究,對(duì)提升電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的安全性有一定的指導(dǎo)意義�？紤]到電網(wǎng)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)同屬于復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò),本文對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行了類比,并基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)頁(yè)排序Hypertext-Induced Topic Search(HITS)算法,結(jié)合電力系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際情況,針對(duì)電網(wǎng)潮流、電源和負(fù)荷容量等影響節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度的因素,在電網(wǎng)原始拓?fù)渖?通過(guò)引入權(quán)重、附加節(jié)點(diǎn)等處理對(duì)原算法進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的適應(yīng)性改進(jìn),給出了一種電網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度評(píng)估方法。該方法從節(jié)點(diǎn)功率的流入與流出角度定義了權(quán)威值和樞紐值來(lái)評(píng)估節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度,并考慮電網(wǎng)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的差異,以兩者之和作為電網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)的重要度,使評(píng)估結(jié)果更加全面和客觀。在現(xiàn)有電網(wǎng)大停電事故相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,基于本文定義的單位熵綜合負(fù)載率指標(biāo)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)思想,本文給出一種電網(wǎng)脆弱線路辨識(shí)的方法。本文定義單位熵綜合負(fù)載率來(lái)衡量電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的脆弱性,該指標(biāo)反映電網(wǎng)中線路的負(fù)載率及其分布情況。本文以該指標(biāo)在線路開斷前后的變化,并用線路兩端點(diǎn)的重要度進(jìn)行修正,作為線路開斷后果的表征。在計(jì)算線路的相對(duì)開斷概率時(shí),本文不僅考慮線路自身的故障率,還將線路運(yùn)行時(shí)因負(fù)荷波動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的潮流越限開斷的概率予以考慮。后者是基于直流潮流模型,考慮電網(wǎng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、電源負(fù)荷分布及線路傳輸容量等影響系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行的電氣信息進(jìn)行計(jì)算。以上述研究為基礎(chǔ),借助于圖論中的最短路徑與最小生成樹算法,給出一種電網(wǎng)骨干網(wǎng)架識(shí)別流程。該方法能夠更直接地將重要節(jié)點(diǎn)留存在骨干網(wǎng)架之中,同時(shí)使得網(wǎng)架的規(guī)模最小,即留存在骨干網(wǎng)架中的線路盡可能少且重要,以此兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)性。該方法首先根據(jù)電網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度評(píng)估,確定必須留存在骨干網(wǎng)架中的重要節(jié)點(diǎn),同時(shí)判別這些節(jié)點(diǎn)的電源容量與負(fù)荷容量是否匹配,并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處理;其次,以各線路的脆弱度評(píng)估值作為其權(quán)值,計(jì)算留存節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的最短路徑及其對(duì)應(yīng)的線路序列;接著,求解留存節(jié)點(diǎn)之間最短路徑所構(gòu)成圖的最小生成樹,并將最小生成樹中的每條邊用其對(duì)應(yīng)的線路序列進(jìn)行替代,得到初步的骨千網(wǎng)架;最后,對(duì)骨干網(wǎng)架進(jìn)行電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行校驗(yàn),若存在潮流越限的線路,通過(guò)調(diào)整運(yùn)行方式或增加合適線路來(lái)消除過(guò)載線路,保證電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行,得到最終的骨干網(wǎng)架。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many large-scale blackouts have caused enormous economic losses to human society, seriously threatening social security and greatly arousing people's concern about the safety of power grid operation. In daily operation, strengthening the attention to important nodes and vulnerable lines is conducive to improving the security of power grid operation and reducing the probability of major blackouts; before natural disasters, power grid enterprises improve the important nodes and vulnerable nodes by increasing the probability of major blackouts. In order to ensure the power supply for important loads, speed up the recovery speed after disaster and reduce the impact caused by blackouts, the anti-disaster standard of transmission lines and the backbone network framework are constructed. Considering that the power grid and the Internet are both complex networks, this paper makes an analogy between them. Based on the Hypertext-Induced Topic Search (HITS) algorithm and the actual situation of the power system, the power flow, the power supply and the load capacity are considered as the factors that affect the node importance. In the original topology of the power grid, the weight is introduced. This method defines the authoritative value and pivot value from the point of view of the inflow and outflow of node power to evaluate the node importance, and considers the difference between the grid and the Internet, and takes the sum of the two as the importance of the grid node. On the basis of the existing research on power grid blackouts, and based on the unit entropy comprehensive load rate index and risk concept defined in this paper, a method for identifying vulnerable lines in power grid is presented. The unit entropy comprehensive load rate is defined to measure the vulnerability of power grid operation, which is contrary to the index. In this paper, the change of the index before and after the circuit break is taken into account, and the importance of the two ends of the line is modified to represent the consequence of the line break. The latter is based on the DC power flow model, which considers the electrical information which influences the safe operation of the power system, such as the topological structure of the power grid, the real-time operation state, the load distribution of the power supply and the transmission capacity of the line. This method can keep the important nodes in the backbone grid more directly, and make the scale of the grid minimum, that is, the number of lines remaining in the backbone grid is as small and important as possible, so as to give consideration to the economy. There are important nodes in the backbone network, and the power supply capacity and load capacity of these nodes are judged and processed accordingly; secondly, the shortest path between the remaining nodes and the corresponding line sequence are calculated with the vulnerability evaluation value of each line as its weight; and then, the shortest path between the remaining nodes is constructed. The minimum spanning tree is constructed, and each edge of the minimum spanning tree is replaced by its corresponding line sequence to obtain a preliminary skeleton network. Finally, the skeleton network is checked for the safe operation of the power grid. If there are lines whose power flow exceeds the limit, the overloaded lines can be eliminated by adjusting the operation mode or adding appropriate lines to ensure the safety of the power grid. Run and get the final backbone grid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM732

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