本文選題：鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池 + FTO電極�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源危機(jī)是21世紀(jì)人類面臨最大的問(wèn)題之一,而太陽(yáng)能既是國(guó)際公認(rèn)的理想替代能源,也是人類可利用的可再生清潔能源。目前,以硅基為主的無(wú)機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池,其最高效率已經(jīng)達(dá)到了25.6%,正在逐漸接近理論上限值30%。但是由于其生產(chǎn)工藝復(fù)雜,生產(chǎn)成本較高,從而制約著硅基太陽(yáng)能電池的廣泛應(yīng)用。與半導(dǎo)體硅相比,有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)雜化鈣鈦礦材料具有優(yōu)異的光伏性能,如適宜的禁帶寬度、微米級(jí)的電子-空穴擴(kuò)散長(zhǎng)度、極高的光吸收系數(shù)和很好的載流子遷移率等。得益于此,在短短的幾年時(shí)間里,研究者通過(guò)優(yōu)化器件結(jié)構(gòu)、材料及制備工藝,使器件的電池效率從9.7%升到了22.1%。但是,電池結(jié)構(gòu)中的電子傳輸層需要高溫煅燒制備,這無(wú)疑增加了器件的制備成本,阻礙了其進(jìn)一步商業(yè)化進(jìn)程。因此,在低溫的條件下制備出高性能的鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池器件,這對(duì)于鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池的工業(yè)化發(fā)展有著重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本論文全面回顧了鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池的發(fā)展史,簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容,分析了提高鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能光伏性能的方法,總結(jié)了鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池的研究進(jìn)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本論文以低溫制備高效鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池為目標(biāo),探索通過(guò)界面修飾電極來(lái)提高其器件的性能,進(jìn)一步分析其內(nèi)在機(jī)理,為器件光伏性能的提升提供有益的借鑒。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下兩個(gè)部分:1、在100 o C低溫下,在一步法基礎(chǔ)上采用快速結(jié)晶法制備出致密的鈣鈦礦薄膜,其器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率為9.0%。由于FTO電極從鈣鈦礦薄膜中提取電子需要跨越很大一個(gè)能壘,這十分不利于電子的傳輸,進(jìn)而限制了器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率。因此,利用鄰二氯苯在UV照射下修飾FTO電極表面來(lái)增大其電極的功函數(shù),從而有效降低了電子傳輸?shù)哪軌?進(jìn)而提高了電池器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)110 s的UV照射處理后,所制備的器件性能達(dá)到最佳,其光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為13.4%,開(kāi)路電壓接近1.0 V,短路電流密度為20.8 m A cm-2。2、利用PEI聚合物修飾FTO電極作為電子傳輸材料應(yīng)用于平面鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,PEI溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)與電池性能有著密切關(guān)系。當(dāng)PEI溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.04%時(shí),所制備的鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池性能最佳,其光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率為10.4%,短路電流密度為20.09 m A cm-2,串聯(lián)電阻為9.97?。進(jìn)一步研究和分析證明,PEI作為電子傳輸材料,改善了FTO與鈣鈦礦界面的接觸特性,有效地降低了器件的串聯(lián)電阻,更有利于電子傳輸,從而提高了FTO電極的電子收集能力。綜上所述,本論文主要揭示了通過(guò)表面有機(jī)功能化修飾可以有效改善FTO電極與鈣鈦礦界面電子傳輸,以及低溫制備過(guò)程可簡(jiǎn)化器件結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了提高鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池性能同時(shí)降低了制備成本。
[Abstract]:Energy crisis is one of the biggest problems facing mankind in the 21st century, and solar energy is not only an ideal alternative energy, but also a renewable and clean energy that can be used by human beings. At present, the highest efficiency of inorganic solar cells based on silicon has reached 25.6 and is approaching the theoretical upper limit of 30. However, because of its complex production process and high production cost, it restricts the wide application of silicon-based solar cells. Compared with semiconductor silicon, organic / inorganic hybrid perovskite has excellent photovoltaic properties, such as suitable band gap, micron electron hole diffusion length, extremely high optical absorption coefficient and good carrier mobility. Thanks to this, in a few years, the researchers improved the battery efficiency from 9.7% to 22.1% by optimizing the device structure, materials and fabrication process. However, the electron transport layer in the battery structure needs to be calcined at high temperature, which undoubtedly increases the preparation cost of the device and hinders its further commercialization process. Therefore, high performance perovskite solar cell devices are fabricated at low temperature, which is of great practical significance for the industrial development of perovskite solar cells. This paper reviews the history of the development of perovskite solar cells, briefly introduces the experimental contents of perovskite solar cells, analyzes the methods to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, and summarizes the research progress of perovskite solar cells. On this basis, the aim of this thesis is to prepare high efficiency perovskite solar cells at low temperature, to explore how to improve the performance of the device by interfacial modification electrode, and to further analyze its intrinsic mechanism, and to provide useful reference for the improvement of photovoltaic performance of the device. The research contents of this paper include the following two parts: 1. The compact perovskite thin films were prepared by rapid crystallization method at 100 o C at low temperature. The optoelectronic conversion efficiency of the device is 9. 0%. Because FTO electrodes need to cross a large barrier to extract electrons from perovskite thin films, this is not conducive to the transmission of electrons, which limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the devices. Therefore, by modifying the surface of FTO electrode with o-dichlorobenzene under UV irradiation, the work function of FTO electrode is increased, which can effectively reduce the energy barrier of electron transport and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device. The results show that after 110 s UV irradiation, the device has the best performance. Its photoelectric conversion efficiency is 13.4V, open circuit voltage is close to 1.0 V, short-circuit current density is 20.8 Ma cm-2.2. PEI polymer modified FTO electrode is used as electron transport material for planar perovskite solar cells. The results show that the mass fraction of PEI solution is closely related to the performance of the battery. When the mass fraction of PEI solution is 0.04, the performance of the perovskite solar cell is the best, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 10.4, the short-circuit current density is 20.09 m / cm ~ (-2) and the series resistance is 9.97m ~ (-1). Further research and analysis show that the PEI as an electron transport material improves the contact characteristics between FTO and perovskite interface, effectively reduces the series resistance of the device, and is more favorable for electron transmission, thus improving the electron collection ability of the FTO electrode. To sum up, this thesis mainly reveals that the surface organic functionalization can effectively improve the electron transport between FTO electrode and perovskite interface, and the fabrication process at low temperature can simplify the device structure. The performance of perovskite solar cells was improved and the preparation cost was reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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本文編號(hào)：2054663