發(fā)布時間：2018-06-08 13:16

  本文選題：閥控密封式鉛酸蓄電池 + SOC�。� 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：閥控密封式鉛酸蓄電池廣泛應(yīng)用于后備應(yīng)急電源系統(tǒng)和低速電動汽車上動力電源,及時掌握其性能參數(shù)和實際運行狀態(tài)尤為重要。荷電狀態(tài)(State Of Charge,簡稱SOC,也稱剩余容量)是描述蓄電池狀態(tài)的重要參數(shù),體現(xiàn)了蓄電池的實際供電能力。蓄電池意外失效或供電能力不足常常造成不可估量的損失,所以國內(nèi)外對SOC的實時準(zhǔn)確估算需求迫切。SOC估計是電池管理系統(tǒng)的核心任務(wù),由于受蓄電池內(nèi)部電化學(xué)反應(yīng)及多種復(fù)雜因素影響,多數(shù)情況下尚不能準(zhǔn)確估計SOC值。對蓄電池剩余容量的研究及基于SOC準(zhǔn)確估計的實際應(yīng)用是目前蓄電池研究方向的熱點和難點,具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。課題在大量現(xiàn)場實驗的基礎(chǔ)上,分別研究了適合后備電源和動力電源SOC準(zhǔn)確估計的方法。介紹了鉛酸蓄電池基本性能特點,包括其工作原理和狀態(tài)參數(shù),了解充放電過程中蓄電池特性和參數(shù)變化趨勢;探討了基于恢復(fù)電壓的SOC估計,用短時脈沖直流放電的方法,研究電池放出一定容量后,端電壓恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定過程中各參數(shù)的變化,通過測量不同荷電狀態(tài)下的恢復(fù)電壓并進行歸一化處理,擬合歸一化恢復(fù)電壓和蓄電池當(dāng)前剩余容量關(guān)系,得到函數(shù)關(guān)系式,并與核對容量放電法進行了對比;研究了動力電池SOC估計精度的影響因素,分別對放電率、老化、溫度等因素進行實驗研究,繼而提出動力電池SOC估算策略;最后,在動力電池SOC估算策略的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了基于低速電動汽車車載動力電池管理系統(tǒng)的硬件電路和軟件程序,探討了電池組均衡控制。本課題的創(chuàng)新點是:1、研究了短時脈沖恒流放電后,蓄電池端電壓恢復(fù)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)過程中各參數(shù)的變化。提出了歸一化恢復(fù)電壓的方法,消除了同組蓄電池初始電壓不一致對數(shù)據(jù)處理造成的影響;擬合歸一化恢復(fù)電壓和SOC的函數(shù)關(guān)系,并通過實驗證明此函數(shù)關(guān)系只和放電電流有關(guān),和放電時間沒有關(guān)系。基于以上結(jié)論,提出可用短時放電確定蓄電池組當(dāng)前剩余容量,SOC估計誤差小于5%,更加方便、快捷、節(jié)約。2、在研究動力電池SOC估算方法過程中,進行了大量實際工況測試,取得了復(fù)雜條件下電動汽車運行過程中電池參數(shù)的變化趨勢。在SOC算法優(yōu)化中,充分結(jié)合電動汽車運行實際情況,分為靜態(tài)駐車狀態(tài)和動態(tài)開啟狀態(tài),分別用不同算法估計SOC,使估計值更加準(zhǔn)確,更切合實際。
[Abstract]:Valve-controlled lead-acid batteries are widely used in emergency power supply system and low-speed electric vehicle power supply. It is very important to master the performance parameters and actual running state in time. State of charge (SOC, or residual capacity) is an important parameter to describe the state of the battery, which reflects the actual power supply capacity of the battery. Accidental failure of battery or insufficient power supply often cause incalculable loss. Therefore, it is the core task of battery management system to estimate SOC accurately and in real time at home and abroad. Due to the influence of internal electrochemical reaction and many complex factors, SOC can not be estimated accurately in most cases. The research of battery residual capacity and the practical application based on SOC estimation are the hot and difficult points in the research direction of battery at present, and have a broad development prospect. On the basis of a large number of field experiments, the methods of SOC estimation suitable for back-up power supply and power supply are studied respectively. The basic performance characteristics of lead-acid battery are introduced, including its working principle and state parameters, the characteristics and variation trend of battery parameters during charging and discharging, the SOC estimation based on recovery voltage and the method of short-time pulse DC discharge are discussed. This paper studies the change of parameters in the process of terminal voltage recovery and stabilization after the discharge of a certain capacity of the battery. By measuring and normalizing the recovery voltage under different charge states, the relationship between the normalized recovery voltage and the current residual capacity of the battery is fitted. The function relation is obtained and compared with the check capacity discharge method. The influencing factors of SOC estimation accuracy are studied. The discharge rate, aging, temperature and other factors are experimentally studied, and then the SOC estimation strategy of power battery is put forward. Finally, based on the SOC estimation strategy of power battery, the hardware circuit and software program of the vehicle power battery management system based on low speed electric vehicle are designed, and the battery pack equalization control is discussed. The innovation of this subject is: 1. The variation of parameters in the process of battery terminal voltage returning to stable state after short-time pulse constant current discharge is studied. A method of normalized recovery voltage is proposed to eliminate the effect of initial voltage inconsistency on data processing, and to fit the functional relationship between normalized recovery voltage and SOC. The experimental results show that the function is only related to the discharge current and not to the discharge time. Based on the above conclusions, it is suggested that the current residual capacity of battery can be determined by short-time discharge, and the SOC estimation error is less than 5, which is more convenient, quick and economical. A large number of actual condition tests have been carried out in the course of studying the SOC estimation method of power battery. The change trend of battery parameters during the operation of electric vehicle is obtained under complex conditions. In the SOC algorithm optimization, combined with the actual running situation of electric vehicle, it can be divided into static parking state and dynamic open state. Different algorithms are used to estimate SOC, so that the estimated value is more accurate and more practical.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM912.1

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本文編號：1995920