本文選題：電力系統(tǒng) + 供需側(cè)　； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入新常態(tài),電力需求放緩,電力增長(zhǎng)的空間遠(yuǎn)低于預(yù)期,特別是煤電利用小時(shí)數(shù)逐年下降。同時(shí),電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰能耗與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平差距較大,當(dāng)前中國(guó)電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰能耗高,電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰的職能與結(jié)構(gòu)依然較為單一,主要是由煤電機(jī)組低負(fù)荷調(diào)峰�？稍偕茉床⒕W(wǎng)參與調(diào)峰比例較低,調(diào)峰能效亟待提高。本文根據(jù)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步深化電力體制改革的若干意見》、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”智慧能源建設(shè)中的相關(guān)要求,系統(tǒng)地分析了供需側(cè)調(diào)峰方式對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)能效影響的關(guān)鍵因素,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)能效提升的途徑和方法。實(shí)現(xiàn)多類型能源互補(bǔ)優(yōu)化,使得系統(tǒng)最大限度地開發(fā)利用可再生能源與清潔能源、最大幅度地提高系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰能效,取得了一些有理論意義和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值的研究成果。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和所取得的研究成果如下:(1)煤電兩班制與抽水蓄能聯(lián)合調(diào)峰方式優(yōu)化。煤電機(jī)組低負(fù)荷調(diào)峰期間,脫硝系統(tǒng)通常無法正常投用,已成為區(qū)域電網(wǎng)綠色調(diào)度急需解決的問題。為此,本文在定性分析抽水蓄能與煤電機(jī)組調(diào)峰方式對(duì)脫硝能效影響的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了基于煤電兩班制與抽水蓄能聯(lián)合調(diào)峰的區(qū)域系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰優(yōu)化模型,以及考慮污染物處理和排放成本的抽水蓄能與煤電機(jī)組聯(lián)合調(diào)峰優(yōu)化模型。與優(yōu)化前系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰方式相比,優(yōu)化后采用抽水蓄能與煤電機(jī)組兩班制聯(lián)合調(diào)峰方式,一個(gè)日調(diào)峰周期內(nèi),脫硝、脫硫、煙塵處理成本、碳排放成本和發(fā)電總成本均有所降低,因脫硝系統(tǒng)能耗受低負(fù)荷調(diào)峰運(yùn)行參數(shù)影響更大,故對(duì)其成本影響更加明顯。文中建立的考慮污染物處理和排放成本的抽水蓄能與火電機(jī)組聯(lián)合調(diào)峰優(yōu)化模型,提高了區(qū)域電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰經(jīng)濟(jì)性和環(huán)境效益,證明了模型及方法的合理性和實(shí)用性,以及區(qū)域系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰機(jī)組污染物超低排放的可達(dá)性。(2)煤電兩班制、抽水蓄能與風(fēng)-光-水電聯(lián)合調(diào)峰節(jié)能潛力分析。本文設(shè)定在同樣滿足系統(tǒng)供電可靠性前提下,根據(jù)水電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行特性、風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電的運(yùn)行特性,分析了其與煤電機(jī)組聯(lián)合調(diào)峰運(yùn)行的減排機(jī)理與計(jì)算方法。在可再生能源發(fā)電機(jī)組、供熱機(jī)組供熱期發(fā)電優(yōu)先權(quán)確定的基礎(chǔ)上,基于電量置換分析了各區(qū)域系統(tǒng)節(jié)能減排潛力。此外,煤電發(fā)電與可再生能源發(fā)電(水電、風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電)協(xié)同運(yùn)行,需要充分考慮清潔能源的替代效益、煤電機(jī)組的負(fù)荷均衡效益及調(diào)峰優(yōu)化收益,以及發(fā)電機(jī)組空間及時(shí)間分布等影響,應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮煤電發(fā)電機(jī)組的支撐作用。(3)供需側(cè)調(diào)峰對(duì)系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰能效影響定量分析。設(shè)定在同樣滿足系統(tǒng)供電可靠性前提下,基于供需側(cè)調(diào)峰優(yōu)化對(duì)系統(tǒng)能效影響,以及系統(tǒng)吸納可再生能源發(fā)電的潛力進(jìn)行分析研究,以某區(qū)域電力系統(tǒng)為例進(jìn)行實(shí)例仿真,論證了供應(yīng)側(cè)通過煤電機(jī)組兩班制調(diào)峰進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,可很大程度的提升煤電機(jī)組運(yùn)行負(fù)荷率與系統(tǒng)能效。系統(tǒng)在煤電機(jī)組采用兩班制調(diào)峰運(yùn)行模式的基礎(chǔ)上,增加水電機(jī)組參與調(diào)峰,則會(huì)進(jìn)一步增加系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的靈活性,以及系統(tǒng)吸納可再生能源發(fā)電的潛力,從而不斷提升系統(tǒng)能效。上述煤電機(jī)組與水電機(jī)組聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)峰,在確保風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電優(yōu)先入網(wǎng)情況下,幾乎不用額外投入成本,只需改變調(diào)峰模式。(4)供需側(cè)調(diào)峰能效評(píng)價(jià)方法設(shè)計(jì)。文中設(shè)定在同樣滿足系統(tǒng)供電可靠性前提下,建立基于熵權(quán)屬性識(shí)別的調(diào)峰能效評(píng)價(jià)體系。采用系統(tǒng)煤耗、煤電機(jī)組煤耗、可再生能源并網(wǎng)系數(shù)、棄風(fēng)率和電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷率作為系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰方案的五大能效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),將屬性識(shí)別模型和信息論中的信息熵理論結(jié)合起來,建立調(diào)峰方案的屬性空間并進(jìn)行有序分割,然后利用熵權(quán)法確定屬性的客觀權(quán)重區(qū)間,采用加權(quán)和的方式計(jì)算調(diào)峰方案的屬性測(cè)度;最后,按照置信度準(zhǔn)則,確定該調(diào)峰方案的優(yōu)劣。保證了評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的客觀性和準(zhǔn)確性。以北方某區(qū)域電網(wǎng)為例,選取某典型日為評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象,應(yīng)用基于熵權(quán)屬性識(shí)別的調(diào)峰能效評(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。論證了基于熵權(quán)和屬性識(shí)別模型的調(diào)峰綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法在系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰決策中是行之有效的。該評(píng)價(jià)方法能客觀地評(píng)估各調(diào)峰方案的優(yōu)劣程度,并且使所研究的問題定量化,表明了評(píng)價(jià)方法的可行性和實(shí)用性。(5)嘗試性地提出了提高系統(tǒng)供需側(cè)調(diào)峰能效的對(duì)策建議。在系統(tǒng)能效評(píng)價(jià)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從供應(yīng)側(cè)各電源互補(bǔ)運(yùn)行、供應(yīng)側(cè)與需求側(cè)協(xié)同運(yùn)行、以及調(diào)峰方式與備用容量等輔助服務(wù)方面,綜合優(yōu)化分析電源結(jié)構(gòu)問題與負(fù)荷結(jié)構(gòu)問題。從系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰優(yōu)化運(yùn)行、系統(tǒng)能效評(píng)價(jià)與政府監(jiān)管的角度,分析并提出相關(guān)對(duì)策建議。在同樣滿足系統(tǒng)供電可靠性前提下,本文提出的供需側(cè)調(diào)峰方式對(duì)系統(tǒng)能效的影響分析,為當(dāng)前區(qū)域電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排目標(biāo),提供有價(jià)值的參考方案,同時(shí)也為相關(guān)對(duì)策的出臺(tái)提供理論指導(dǎo),不僅具有學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,而且對(duì)改進(jìn)電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)峰方式,促進(jìn)電力工業(yè)與低碳社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展具有實(shí)踐價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the Chinese economy entering a new normal state, the power demand is slowing down, the space for electric power growth is far lower than expected, especially the number of coal and electricity utilization hours is declining year by year. At the same time, the gap between peak power consumption and the international advanced level is large, the current power system peak regulation energy consumption is high, the function and structure of the power grid peak adjustment is still relatively single, mainly from coal electricity. The unit of low load operation. Renewable energy grid in peak load is relatively low, peak energy efficiency needs to be improved. According to the "on the further deepening of power system reform a number of opinions", "the relevant requirements of the wisdom of the energy construction of Internet plus", systematically analyzes the key factors affecting the supply and demand side load on power system efficiency, As well as the ways and methods to improve the energy efficiency of the system. To realize the complementary optimization of multiple types of energy, make the system develop and utilize the renewable energy and clean energy to the maximum extent, and maximize the energy efficiency of the system peak regulation, and have obtained some research results with theoretical significance and practical value of engineering. The research results are as follows: (1) the combination of coal electricity two shift system and pumped storage peak adjustment mode is optimized. During the low load peak load regulation of coal and electricity units, the denitrification system can not normally be put into use normally. It has become an urgent problem for the green dispatching of the regional power grid. On the basis of this, the optimization model of regional system peak adjustment based on combined coal and electricity two shift and pumped storage peak is set up, and the optimization model of joint peak adjustment of pumped storage and coal and electricity generating set considering the treatment of pollutants and the cost of discharge is considered. The cost of denitrification, desulfurization and soot treatment, the cost of carbon emission and the total cost of power generation are reduced in a daily peak cycle, because the energy consumption of the denitrification system is more affected by the operating parameters of low load peak regulation, so the impact on its cost is more obvious. The peak optimization model has improved the economic and environmental benefits of regional grid peak adjustment, and proved the rationality and practicability of the model and method, as well as the accessibility of the ultra low emission of pollutants in the regional system peak shaving unit. (2) the two class system of coal and electricity, the energy saving potential of the combined peak of pumped storage and wind light hydro power. This paper is set up to satisfy the power supply of the system as well. On the premise of reliability, based on the running characteristics of hydropower units, wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the emission reduction mechanism and calculation method of joint peak operation with coal and electric units are analyzed. On the basis of the determination of the power generation priority of the renewable energy generating set and the heating unit during the heating period, the energy conservation of each regional system is analyzed based on the replacement of electricity. In addition, the cooperative operation of coal-fired power generation and renewable energy generation (hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power generation) needs to take full consideration of the alternative benefits of clean energy, the load balance benefit of coal and electricity generating set and the optimal return of peak regulation, and the space and time distribution of the generator set should give full play to the supporting role of coal and electricity generating set. (3) The quantitative analysis of the influence of peak peak regulation on the peak energy efficiency of the system is set up on the basis of the same system power supply reliability, based on the effect of peak regulation on the system energy efficiency on the supply and demand side, and the potential of the system to absorb renewable energy. On the basis of the two shift peak running mode of coal and electricity generating set, the system will increase the flexibility of the system operation and the potential of the system to absorb the renewable energy. In order to improve the energy efficiency of the system, the combined optimization and peak regulation of the coal generating set and the hydro generator set, under the condition of ensuring wind power and photovoltaic generation priority, only need to change the mode of peak regulation. (4) the design of the energy efficiency evaluation method of the supply and demand side peak regulation. The system of peak energy efficiency evaluation of entropy weight property identification is five energy efficiency evaluation indexes of system coal consumption, coal power unit coal consumption, renewable energy grid connection coefficient, discarding wind rate and power grid load rate as the system peak regulation scheme, combining the attribute recognition model with information entropy theory in information theory to establish the attribute space of peak adjustment scheme. The objective weight interval of the attribute is determined by entropy weight method, and the attribute measure of the peak adjustment scheme is calculated by the weighted sum method. Finally, according to the confidence criterion, the advantages and disadvantages of the peak adjustment scheme are determined. This evaluation method based on entropy weight and attribute recognition model is effective in the system peak adjustment decision. The evaluation method can objectively evaluate the degree of the advantages and disadvantages of each peak adjustment scheme and make the research problem quantified. The feasibility and practicability of the evaluation method are explained. (5) the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the peak energy efficiency of the supply and demand side of the system. On the basis of the system energy efficiency evaluation and analysis, the comprehensive optimization analysis is made from the complementary operation of the supply side, the coordinated operation of the supply side and the demand side, the mode of peak adjustment and the reserve capacity. Power structure problem and load structure problem. From the angle of system peak adjustment and optimization, system energy efficiency evaluation and government supervision, this paper analyzes and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Under the same premise of satisfying the system power supply reliability, this paper presents the analysis of the system energy efficiency in the supply and demand side peak regulation mode, which is realized for the current regional power system peak adjustment. The goal of energy saving and emission reduction provides a valuable reference scheme and provides theoretical guidance for the introduction of relevant countermeasures, which not only has academic value, but also has practical value for improving the mode of power system peak regulation and promoting the harmonious development of power industry and low carbon society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM73

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