本文選題：土壤基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) + 團(tuán)聚性�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是接地系統(tǒng)性能的決定因素,因此近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者針對(duì)土壤的阻抗特性開(kāi)展了大量的研究工作,現(xiàn)有的研究多用細(xì)砂替代土壤,反而忽略了土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)差異可能引發(fā)的導(dǎo)電性異常。本論文通過(guò)開(kāi)展實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比研究云南紅粘土與細(xì)砂的沖擊導(dǎo)電特性,提出土壤基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)差異對(duì)其沖擊特性的影響規(guī)律;增加不同規(guī)格結(jié)構(gòu)接地極在粘土環(huán)境中的沖擊試驗(yàn),探究粘土的火花放電特性;最后結(jié)合試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題分析雷電沖擊波形對(duì)接地極接地電阻的影響,為統(tǒng)一簡(jiǎn)化沖擊試驗(yàn)提供理論支持。本文首先分析了不同基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)土壤的導(dǎo)電機(jī)理;搭建了土壤沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究了受不同基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)影響的土壤沖擊特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:對(duì)于基質(zhì)為非團(tuán)聚性結(jié)構(gòu)的土壤,在相同含水量條件下,土壤的沖擊電阻率、臨界擊穿場(chǎng)強(qiáng)和擊穿時(shí)延隨著土壤粒徑的增大而增大,并受到土壤孔隙率和粒徑均勻度的影響;對(duì)于基質(zhì)為團(tuán)聚性結(jié)構(gòu)的土壤,土壤的沖擊特性不符合以上規(guī)律,且在相同含水量時(shí),紅粘土的導(dǎo)電性要弱于均勻粒徑的砂質(zhì)土;同時(shí)得出用細(xì)砂替代土壤開(kāi)展土壤沖擊特性研究是片面的。然后開(kāi)展粘土環(huán)境下不同規(guī)格結(jié)構(gòu)接地極的沖擊試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)粘土環(huán)境下:一端注入方式下的較短水平接地極周圍土壤發(fā)生的火花放電效應(yīng)較強(qiáng);接地極夾角對(duì)土壤火花放電效應(yīng)的影響較小;方框型接地極具有均壓功能,當(dāng)方框邊長(zhǎng)增大時(shí),周圍土壤的火花放電效應(yīng)會(huì)減弱;表面積越小的接地極周圍土壤越容易發(fā)生火花放電現(xiàn)象;以及在接地極所用鋼材總長(zhǎng)一定時(shí),方框型接地極的接地效果要優(yōu)于方框+射線型接地極。而對(duì)于方框+射線型接地極而言,在用料總長(zhǎng)一定的條件下,增加方框邊長(zhǎng)的降阻效果要差于增加射線長(zhǎng)度。最后分析研究了電壓電流沖擊波形、極性對(duì)不同結(jié)構(gòu)接地極沖擊接地電阻的影響規(guī)律,并從電荷量、連續(xù)性和火花放電角度分析以上規(guī)律的產(chǎn)生依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明:在相同沖擊波幅值條件下,沖擊接地電阻隨沖擊波的波前時(shí)間每減少50%其近似降低5%,而隨半波時(shí)間每增加一倍其近似降低5%;僅改變沖擊極性時(shí),正極性沖擊下的沖擊接地電阻要比負(fù)極性沖擊下的小,且最多減小10%;電流波形控制沖擊與電壓波形控制沖擊在接地沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn)中的作用效果是一致的,為簡(jiǎn)化沖擊試驗(yàn)可用電壓控制替代電流控制。
[Abstract]:Soil is the decisive factor of the performance of grounding system. Therefore, in recent years, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research work on the impedance characteristics of soil. On the contrary, the structural differences in soil may lead to electrical conductivity anomalies. In this paper, the impact and conductivity characteristics of Yunnan red clay and fine sand were compared and studied, and the influence of soil matrix structure difference on impact characteristics was put forward, and the impact test of ground pole with different size structure in clay environment was added. Finally, the influence of lightning shock wave shape on grounding resistance of earth electrode is analyzed, which provides theoretical support for unified simplified impact test. In this paper, the electrical conductivity mechanism of soils with different substrate structures was analyzed, and a soil shock test platform was set up, and the impact characteristics of different substrates were studied by means of experimental methods. The experimental results show that the impact resistivity, critical breakdown field strength and breakdown delay increase with the increase of soil particle size under the condition of the same water content for the soil with non-agglomeration structure of the substrate, and under the same water content, the soil impact resistivity, critical breakdown field strength and breakdown delay increase with the increase of soil size. Under the influence of soil porosity and particle size uniformity, the impact characteristics of soils with aggregate structure do not conform to the above laws, and the conductivity of red clay is weaker than that of sandy soils with uniform particle size when the water content is the same. At the same time, it is concluded that it is one-sided to use fine sand instead of soil to study soil impact characteristics. Then the impact tests of the ground poles with different specifications were carried out in the clay environment. It was found that under the clay environment, the spark discharge effect of the soil around the short horizontal grounding poles with one end injection was stronger than that under the clay environment. The influence of the corner angle on the soil spark discharge effect is relatively small, the square type earth pole has the function of voltage equalization, when the side length of the square frame increases, the effect of the surrounding soil spark discharge will be weakened. The smaller the surface area is, the more easily spark discharge occurs in the soil around the earth pole, and when the total length of steel used in the earth pole is fixed, the earthing effect of the square type earth electrode is better than that of the square ray type earth pole. For the square ray type ground pole, the drag reduction effect of increasing the side length of the square frame is worse than that of increasing the ray length under the condition that the total material length is fixed. Finally, the influence of the voltage and current shock wave shape and polarity on the grounding resistance of different structures is analyzed, and the basis of the above rule is analyzed from the angle of charge quantity, continuity and spark discharge. The results show that under the same shock wave amplitude, the shock grounding resistance is approximately reduced by 5% for every 50% reduction of the wave front time of the shock wave, and approximately reduced by 5% with each doubling of the half wave time, and when the shock polarity is changed only, The impact grounding resistance under the positive polarity shock is smaller than that under the negative polarity shock, and the maximum reduction is 10%, and the effect of current waveform control impulse and voltage waveform control impulse in the grounding impact experiment is the same. In order to simplify impulse test, voltage control can be used instead of current control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM862

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 蔣旭平,胡壽根,鐘聲玉;高壓水射流沖擊特性分析及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];上海機(jī)械學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1991年02期

2 張建剛;魏紹東;常安;夏長(zhǎng)征;祁玉龍;周文俊;喻劍輝;;分層土壤中接地體沖擊特性的仿真研究[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版);2014年04期

3 張寶平;何金良;康鵬;曾嶸;;凍土沖擊特性的試驗(yàn)研究[J];中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào);2008年16期

4 張樹(shù)森;;高壓電纜沖擊特性長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算研究[J];吉林電力;2009年01期

5 章潤(rùn)陸,江帆;輸電線路桿塔接地沖擊特性的研究[J];高電壓技術(shù);1985年03期

6 夏長(zhǎng)征,陳慈萱;單位長(zhǎng)度伸長(zhǎng)接地體沖擊特性的真型試驗(yàn)[J];高電壓技術(shù);2001年03期

7 林雙慶,王定華;污穢絕緣的操作波沖擊特性[J];四川電力技術(shù);2000年03期

8 王黎明,毛蘇春,關(guān)志成;棒-板間隙在交直流預(yù)電壓作用下的沖擊特性[J];清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2002年03期

9 陳名銘;曹曉斌;楊琳;吳昊;張敏;吳廣寧;;同軸圓柱形電極下土壤沖擊特性的試驗(yàn)研究[J];電網(wǎng)技術(shù);2013年08期

10 翟國(guó)富;陳英華;任萬(wàn)濱;;一種含赫茲接觸的梁結(jié)構(gòu)沖擊特性分析方法[J];振動(dòng)與沖擊;2009年09期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前4條

1 郭永良;萬(wàn)志敏;胡秋霞;;織物復(fù)合材料的低速?zèng)_擊特性研究[A];第十二屆全國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)力學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文摘要集[C];2009年

2 何金良;曾嶸;張波;;電力系統(tǒng)接地裝置的沖擊特性[A];全國(guó)電網(wǎng)中性點(diǎn)接地方式與接地技術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

3 張樹(shù)森;;高壓電纜沖擊特性長(zhǎng)度與避雷器配置[A];高效 清潔 安全 電力發(fā)展與和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)——吉林省電機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì)2008年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2008年

4 高富強(qiáng);楊軍;張華;;不同載荷形式下石灰?guī)r沖擊特性的比較和討論[A];第九屆全國(guó)沖擊動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集（上冊(cè)）[C];2009年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 鄧長(zhǎng)征;線路桿塔接地裝置沖擊特性及試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2013年

2 楊揚(yáng);C/SiC復(fù)合材料抗沖擊特性及其數(shù)值模擬中的核心算法研究[D];西北工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

3 雷松;多股簧沖擊特性與損傷機(jī)理研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 喬志遠(yuǎn);考慮土壤電氣參數(shù)頻變特性的接地裝置沖擊特性研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2015年

2 李闖;非均質(zhì)材料沖擊特性的三維物質(zhì)點(diǎn)法模擬研究[D];華北電力大學(xué)(北京);2016年

3 蔣剛;鳥(niǎo)類頭部抗沖擊特性研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2016年

4 杜俊樂(lè);云南典型土壤沖擊特性研究與火花放電現(xiàn)象分析[D];西南交通大學(xué);2017年

5 李伯棟;簡(jiǎn)化車身B-立柱結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的抗彎曲沖擊特性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2007年

6 范亞軍;壓氣式電錘交變沖擊特性分析及試驗(yàn)研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2014年

7 李曉麗;變電站接地網(wǎng)沖擊特性研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2008年

8 徐偉;考慮火花效應(yīng)時(shí)桿塔接地裝置沖擊特性的研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2008年

9 王育橋;雞蛋跌落沖擊特性研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

10 楊財(cái)偉;接地裝置沖擊特性的模擬試驗(yàn)及有限元分析方法研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1866282