本文選題：超臨界 + 給水系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的電力需求,伴隨著能源和環(huán)保壓力的不斷增大,我國(guó)的火電機(jī)組建設(shè)向大容量、高參數(shù)的大型機(jī)組的發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變。20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),我國(guó)開(kāi)始引進(jìn)亞臨界火電機(jī)組技術(shù),雖在機(jī)組技術(shù)的消化、吸收、運(yùn)用、改進(jìn)方面取得一定的成績(jī),并廣泛推廣300MW、600MW的亞臨界火電機(jī)組,使其成為我國(guó)火力發(fā)電廠的主力發(fā)電設(shè)備,但該機(jī)組仍然存在能耗高和污染環(huán)境這兩大突出缺點(diǎn)。這兩大缺點(diǎn)十分突出,成為制約我國(guó)電力工業(yè)發(fā)展的突出矛盾。因此,學(xué)習(xí)掌握國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外在本專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的先進(jìn)技術(shù),研究并制造超臨界、超超臨界火電機(jī)組,成為提高火電機(jī)組的熱效率,實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗和改善環(huán)保狀況的必由之路。作為調(diào)節(jié)鍋爐給水流量功能的鍋爐給水控制系統(tǒng),是火力發(fā)電廠單元機(jī)組控制系統(tǒng)中較為重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一,該控制系統(tǒng)性能水平的高低直接影響機(jī)組能否安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行。近年來(lái),隨著機(jī)組容量的不斷增大,來(lái)自鍋爐受熱面產(chǎn)生的熱負(fù)荷也隨之不斷提高,因而給水的系統(tǒng)對(duì)鍋爐負(fù)荷的影響不斷增加,系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性變化幅度也隨之增加。然而鍋爐作為一種動(dòng)態(tài)特性存有較大時(shí)變且內(nèi)部存在較多非線性變量的特點(diǎn),決定了當(dāng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行建模時(shí),難以建立精確的模型,因而在控制方法的選擇上存在著諸多的困難,特別是利用傳統(tǒng)控制方法。首先,在對(duì)控制器進(jìn)行參數(shù)整定時(shí)就要耗費(fèi)大量的人力、時(shí)間成本;其次,因被控對(duì)象存在較大的時(shí)變性,有時(shí)系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)為非線性,更有甚者控制設(shè)備會(huì)發(fā)生變化,為了適應(yīng)上述特性,在給水控制過(guò)程中必須高頻地對(duì)控制器比較帶進(jìn)行切換操作,但即使如此操作,采用常規(guī)控制方法的給水控制系統(tǒng)也難以實(shí)現(xiàn)理想的控制效果。因此,一種算法簡(jiǎn)單、魯棒性強(qiáng),同時(shí)能夠進(jìn)對(duì)控制器的參數(shù)自整定的控制方法亟需被提出。本文在超臨界鍋爐給水控制對(duì)象中引入自適應(yīng)PID控制器,作者在機(jī)組調(diào)試過(guò)程中,設(shè)計(jì)了自適應(yīng)PID模型,并進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),應(yīng)用到超臨界機(jī)組的調(diào)試中,進(jìn)行了參數(shù)整定,投入自動(dòng)。若使用傳統(tǒng)方法對(duì)經(jīng)典PID控制器參數(shù)整定,其方法為首先獲取控制對(duì)象的數(shù)學(xué)模型,然后依照具體整定原則來(lái)確定PID參數(shù)。然而在實(shí)際工控領(lǐng)域中,被控過(guò)程原理復(fù)雜,不同于理論模型,實(shí)際存在高度非線性、時(shí)變不確定性和純滯后等等特點(diǎn)。因此在實(shí)際控制中,一種不僅不用依賴(lài)數(shù)學(xué)建模就能進(jìn)行PID參數(shù)整定,并且能夠?qū)崟r(shí)在線調(diào)整PID參數(shù)的方法成為可以滿足實(shí)時(shí)控制的新需求。自適應(yīng)PID控制是解決這一問(wèn)題的有效途徑。自適應(yīng)PID控制顧名思義,同時(shí)整合了自適應(yīng)控制和常規(guī)PID控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。首先,從自適應(yīng)控制的角度來(lái)看,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于可以自動(dòng)識(shí)別被控過(guò)程參數(shù)、自動(dòng)整定控制器參數(shù)、自動(dòng)適應(yīng)被控過(guò)程參數(shù)的變化等;其次,從常規(guī)PID控制的角度來(lái)講,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、魯棒性好、可靠性強(qiáng),且為工程調(diào)試人員所熟知。上述描敘的優(yōu)點(diǎn),使得自適應(yīng)PID控制成為工控領(lǐng)域令學(xué)者和工程師滿意的控制裝置,是該領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)和發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity, with the increasing pressure of energy and environmental protection, the construction of thermal power units in China has changed to large capacity and high parameters of large units. Since the 80s of.20 century, the technology of subcritical thermal power unit has been introduced in China. Although the technology has been digested, absorbed, applied and improved in the machine group technology, we have obtained one. As a result, the 300MW and 600MW subcritical thermal power units are widely popularized to make it the main power generation equipment of China's thermal power plants, but the unit still has two prominent shortcomings such as high energy consumption and pollution of the environment. These two shortcomings are very prominent and become the prominent contradiction that restricts the development of power industry in China. Therefore, learning to master the country, China It is the only way to improve the thermal efficiency of the thermal power unit, to save energy and reduce the consumption and to improve the environmental conditions. The boiler feed water control system, which is the function of regulating boiler feed water, is more important in the control system of the unit unit of the thermal power plant. The performance level of the control system directly affects the safety, stability and economic operation of the unit. In recent years, with the increase of the capacity of the unit, the heat load from the heating surface of the boiler is also increasing, so the influence of the system on the boiler load is increasing and the dynamic characteristics of the system are changed. However, as a dynamic characteristic of the boiler, there is a large time variation and a lot of nonlinear variables in the interior, which determines that it is difficult to establish a precise model when modeling it. So there are many difficulties in the selection of the control methods, especially the traditional control method. First, the controller is carried out. It takes a lot of manpower and time cost for the parameter timing. Secondly, because of the large time variability of the controlled object, sometimes the system is nonlinear and the control equipment will change. In order to adapt to the above characteristics, the switching operation must be carried out at high frequency to the controller comparison belt in the water supply control process, but even if such operation is done. The water supply control system with conventional control method is also difficult to achieve the ideal control effect. Therefore, an algorithm is simple and robust. At the same time, the control method that can enter the controller's parameter self-tuning is urgently needed. In this paper, an adaptive PID controller is introduced in the feed water control object of the supercritical boiler. The author is in the unit debugging process. The adaptive PID model is designed, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The parameter tuning is applied to the commissioning of the supercritical unit. If the traditional method is used to set the parameters of the classical PID controller, the method is first to obtain the mathematical model of the control object, and then to determine the PID parameters according to the specific setting principle. However, it is practical. In the field of industrial control, the principle of the controlled process is complex and different from the theoretical model. It has the characteristics of high nonlinearity, time-varying uncertainty and pure lag. Therefore, in actual control, a method not only does not rely on mathematical modeling to adjust the PID parameters, and the method of real-time on-line adjustment of PID parameters can satisfy the real-time control. The adaptive PID control is an effective way to solve this problem. Adaptive PID control has the advantages of self-adaptive control and conventional PID control. First, from the angle of adaptive control, the advantages of adaptive control are that the parameters of the controlled process can be automatically identified, the parameters of the controller are automatically adjusted, and the control is automatically adapted to the control. Secondly, from the point of view of conventional PID control, its advantages are simple structure, good robustness, strong reliability and well known to engineering debugger. The advantages of this description make adaptive PID control a satisfactory control device for scholars and engineers in the field of industrial control. It is a hot spot and development of the research in this field. Direction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM621;TP273

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本文編號(hào)：1842085