本文選題：電動(dòng)汽車(chē)　切入點(diǎn)：鋰-空氣電池　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為下一代儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備,鋰-空氣電池因其超大的理論比能量(11400 Wh/kg)和理論比容量(3860 mAh/g)、環(huán)境友好、結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單和低成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為學(xué)術(shù)研究人員的主要研究對(duì)象。然而,鋰-空氣電池依然存在一些重要科學(xué)問(wèn)題阻礙其廣泛商業(yè)化應(yīng)用,其中電池充放電過(guò)電位高是鋰-空氣電池面臨的主要問(wèn)題,尋找催化活性?xún)?yōu)異、導(dǎo)電性高、比表面積大、孔隙分布均勻和成本低的正極催化劑是解決上述問(wèn)題的主要途徑,基于此,我們從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和實(shí)用性角度出發(fā),采用簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法原位制備碳基催化劑,得到最優(yōu)的活化方法,并探索了不同碳材料以及活化后的碳材料對(duì)有機(jī)體系鋰-空氣電池的影響。本論文中,我們首先使用最基礎(chǔ)的碳紙材料作為鋰-空氣電池正極材料,通過(guò)創(chuàng)新性結(jié)合鋰離子電池充放電機(jī)理,利用鋰離子電池放電過(guò)程中的嵌鋰機(jī)制,破壞碳紙?jiān)冀Y(jié)構(gòu)得到比表面積更大、活性位點(diǎn)更多的碳材料,有效提高碳紙的催化性能,再次應(yīng)用到鋰-空氣電池正極上時(shí)可以得到循環(huán)性能相對(duì)優(yōu)異,電池過(guò)電位明顯降低的鋰-空氣電池。我們采用控制變量法對(duì)幾乎無(wú)催化活性的碳紙進(jìn)行了一系列鋰化處理。處理方式分別為在不同電流倍率和不同放電深度下對(duì)碳紙進(jìn)行鋰離子放電,其中采用0.1 C的電流,0.01 V的放電深度對(duì)原始碳紙進(jìn)行鋰化處理可以獲得相對(duì)最優(yōu)異循環(huán)性能和相對(duì)最低的充放電過(guò)電位的鋰-空氣電池,在電流大小為0.03 mA,充放電區(qū)間為2.2-4.5 V,放電比容量截至為1 mAh的條件下進(jìn)行鋰-空氣電池測(cè)試,其電池循環(huán)性能達(dá)13次,電池首次充放電電壓區(qū)間低至2.7 V-3.49 V。其次,我們結(jié)合上一章中探究得到的最優(yōu)化鋰化處理方式,對(duì)CNT,自制Co-CNT,Graphene和Super P四種碳材料進(jìn)行電化學(xué)處理,處理方式為0.1 C電流下鋰離子放電至0.01 V,處理后的材料直接用于鋰-空氣電池測(cè)試。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)四種碳材料在未處理時(shí)鋰-空氣電池性能較差,鋰化處理后的材料結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,催化活性增強(qiáng),電池循環(huán)性能和電池過(guò)電位都有所改善,特別是在過(guò)電位上,四種碳材料充電過(guò)電位平均降低0.75 V。
[Abstract]:As the next generation of energy storage equipment, lithium-air battery has become the main research object for academic researchers because of its super large theoretical specific energy ratio of 11400 mg / kg and theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh / g / g, environment-friendly, relatively simple structure and low cost.However, some important scientific problems still exist in lithium-air batteries. Among them, high charge-discharge overpotential is the main problem facing lithium-air batteries.The cathode catalyst with large specific surface area, uniform pore distribution and low cost is the main way to solve the above problem. Based on this, we adopt a simple and feasible method to prepare carbon based catalyst in situ from the point of view of economic efficiency and practicability.The optimal activation method was obtained and the effects of different carbon materials and activated carbon materials on the lithium-air batteries were investigated.In this thesis, we first use the most basic carbon paper material as the cathode material of lithium-air battery. Through the innovative combination of the charge and discharge mechanism of lithium ion battery, we utilize the lithium intercalation mechanism in the discharge process of lithium ion battery.When the original structure of carbon paper is destroyed, the carbon materials with larger specific surface area and more active sites can be obtained, and the catalytic performance of carbon paper can be improved effectively. When the carbon paper is applied to the positive electrode of lithium-air battery, the cycling performance is relatively excellent.The overpotential of the battery is significantly reduced by the lithium-air battery.A series of lithium treatment was carried out on carbon paper with little catalytic activity by controlling variable method.The method of treatment is to discharge carbon paper with lithium ion at different current rate and different discharge depth respectively.The Li-air battery with the best cycling performance and the lowest charge / discharge overpotential can be obtained by using 0.1 C current and 0.01 V discharge depth to treat the original carbon paper.When the current is 0.03 Ma, the charge / discharge range is 2.2-4.5 V and the specific discharge capacity is up to 1 mAh, the battery cycle performance is up to 13 times, and the initial charge and discharge voltage range of the battery is as low as 2.7 V-3.49 V.Secondly, combined with the optimized lithium treatment method in the previous chapter, we carried out electrochemical treatment of four kinds of carbon materials: CNT, Co-CNT Graphene and Super P.The treated material was directly used in the test of lithium-air battery after the lithium ion discharge reached 0.01 V at 0.1 C current.We found that the performance of the four carbon materials was poor in untreated lithium-air batteries. After lithiation treatment, the structure of the materials changed, the catalytic activity was enhanced, and the cycle performance and overpotential of the cells were improved, especially in the over-potential.The overpotential of four carbon materials decreased by 0.75 V on average.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O643.36;TM911.41

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