本文選題：染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池　切入點(diǎn)：石墨烯　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池(DSSC)因其理論光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高、成本低廉、制備工藝簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn)引起了學(xué)術(shù)界及工業(yè)界極大的研究興趣,成為近些年的研究熱點(diǎn)。而對(duì)電極是染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的重要組成部分,其催化活性、導(dǎo)電能力、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等方面的性能很大程度上決定了電池的光伏性能。鉑金屬因其優(yōu)良的催化活性和導(dǎo)電性,成為最常用的對(duì)電極材料,但是由于鉑金屬的儲(chǔ)量低、價(jià)格昂貴,而且在r/I3-電解質(zhì)體系中容易被腐蝕,制約了DSSC的產(chǎn)業(yè)化。為了探索價(jià)格低廉且性能優(yōu)良的對(duì)電極材料,本論文試圖將石墨烯與過(guò)渡金屬硒化物復(fù)合,作為對(duì)電極材料應(yīng)用到DSSC中。主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：(一)采用改進(jìn)的Hummers法制備了氧化石墨烯,在導(dǎo)電玻璃FTO上制得石墨烯導(dǎo)電薄膜作為染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的對(duì)電極。掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)顯示制得的石墨烯表面有許多層次鮮明的褶皺,可以增大與電解質(zhì)的接觸面積。對(duì)比石墨烯對(duì)電極和鉑對(duì)電極的電化學(xué)阻抗參數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)單純的石墨烯作為對(duì)電極材料在I-/I3電解質(zhì)中對(duì)I3-的催化性能與鉑之間還有一定的差距。石墨烯基DSSC的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為5.24%,是鉑基DSSC的61.5%。(二)利用改進(jìn)的Hummers法制備的氧化石墨烯,通過(guò)水熱法制備了FeSe_2/rGO復(fù)合材料,并首次將其作為染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的對(duì)電極材料。X射線衍射(XRD)分析表明合成的FeSe_2是純相的,SEM照片和TEM照片顯示FeSe_2納米棒成功負(fù)載到石墨烯的表面,同時(shí)FeSe_2高的結(jié)晶度。循環(huán)伏安測(cè)試、電化學(xué)阻抗測(cè)試、塔菲爾測(cè)試表明FeSe_2/rGO對(duì)電極具有很好的導(dǎo)電性和催化活性,在I-/I3-電解質(zhì)中對(duì)I3-的電催化性能要優(yōu)于Pt對(duì)電極、FeSe_2對(duì)電極和rGO對(duì)電極。光電流密度-電壓(J-V)曲線測(cè)試表明基于FeSe_2/rGO對(duì)電極的DSSC的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到了8.90%,相比基于鉑對(duì)電極的DSSC提高了4.46%。同時(shí)連續(xù)循環(huán)伏安測(cè)試表明FeSe_2/rG O對(duì)電極在r/13-電解質(zhì)中比Pt對(duì)電極有更好的穩(wěn)定性。(三)通過(guò)水熱法制備了NiSe_2/rGO復(fù)合材料,利用旋涂法制備得到NiSe_2/rG O導(dǎo)電薄膜作為染料敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的對(duì)電極。SEM照片顯示合成的NiSe_2成納米球狀,通過(guò)TEM照片進(jìn)一步分析得到NiSe_2納米球由納米顆粒組成。由于NiSe_2納米球和納米顆粒的存在增大了石墨烯片間的距離,從而形成介孔結(jié)構(gòu),極大的增加了NiSe_2/rGO對(duì)電極與電解質(zhì)的接觸面積。根據(jù)對(duì)電極的電化學(xué)測(cè)試以及DSSC的光伏性能表征結(jié)果,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),相比鉑對(duì)電極、純石墨烯對(duì)電極和NiSe_2對(duì)電極,NiSe_2/rGO對(duì)電極在I-/13-電解質(zhì)中有最小的峰位電差(Epp)和最低的電荷轉(zhuǎn)移阻抗。同時(shí)N iSe_2/rGO基DSSC的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到了9.00%,相比鉑基DSSC提高了5.63%。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has attracted great research interest in academia and industry because of its advantages of high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and simple preparation process. The opposite electrode is an important component of dye sensitized solar cells, and its catalytic activity, conductivity, Due to its excellent catalytic activity and conductivity, platinum has become the most commonly used opposite electrode material, but because of its low reserves, platinum is expensive. Moreover, it is easy to be corroded in the R / I _ 3-electrolyte system, which restricts the industrialization of DSSC. In order to explore the low cost and excellent performance of the opposite electrode material, this paper attempts to combine graphene with the transition metal selenide. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) graphene oxide was prepared by improved Hummers method. Graphene conductive thin films prepared on conductive glass FTO are used as opposite electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that the graphene surface has many distinct folds. Compared the electrochemical impedance parameters of graphene to electrode and platinum to electrode, It was found that there was still a gap between the catalytic performance of graphene as a counter electrode material for I _ 3- in I-R _ (3) electrolyte and platinum. The photoelectricity conversion efficiency of graphene based DSSC was 5.24, which was 61.5% of that of platinum-based DSSC. (2) the improved Hummers method was used. Graphene oxide, FeSe_2/rGO composites were prepared by hydrothermal method. For the first time, it was used as the opposite electrode material for dye sensitized solar cells. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the synthesized FeSe_2 was pure phase FeSe_2 and TEM photos showed that FeSe_2 nanorods were successfully loaded onto the surface of graphene. At the same time, the high crystallinity of FeSe_2, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance test and Tafel test show that FeSe_2/rGO has good conductivity and catalytic activity to the electrode. The electrocatalytic performance of I3- in I-P / I3- electrolyte is better than that in Pt pair electrode FeSe2 pair and rGO pair electrode. The photocurrent density-voltage J-V curve test shows that the photoconversion efficiency of DSSC based on FeSe_2/rGO to electrode is 8.90, compared with that based on platinum. At the same time, continuous cyclic voltammetry showed that FeSe_2/rG O pair electrode had better stability than Pt pair electrode in r / 13 electrolyte. (3) NiSe_2/rGO composites were prepared by hydrothermal method. NiSe_2/rG O conductive film was prepared by spin-coating method as the opposite electrode of dye sensitized solar cell. The NiSe_2 nanospheres were further analyzed by TEM photographs. Because of the existence of NiSe_2 nanospheres and nanoparticles, the distance between graphene wafers was increased, thus the mesoporous structure was formed. The contact area between NiSe_2/rGO pair electrode and electrolyte was greatly increased. Based on the electrochemical test of the electrode and the photovoltaic performance characterization of DSSC, we found that compared with platinum pair electrode, The pure graphene pair electrode and the NiSe_2 pair electrode have the smallest peak potential difference (Eppp) and the lowest charge transfer impedance in I / 13 electrolyte. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of NiSe_2/rGO based DSSC has reached 9.00, which is 5.63% higher than that of platin-based DSSC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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