本文選題：過(guò)電壓　切入點(diǎn)：ATP-EMTP　出處：《西安理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電力系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)擾動(dòng)或故障時(shí)產(chǎn)生的過(guò)電壓是危害電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行的重要因素之一,過(guò)電壓可毀壞電氣設(shè)備,導(dǎo)致供電中斷甚至大范圍停電等嚴(yán)重事故,不同類(lèi)型的過(guò)電壓有著不同的產(chǎn)生原理,其防范措施也各不相同。因此,如何準(zhǔn)確、迅速的識(shí)別出不同類(lèi)型的過(guò)電壓,對(duì)及時(shí)排除故障、保障電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定安全運(yùn)行有著重大意義。本文根據(jù)某變電站現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際接線(xiàn)及相關(guān)電氣設(shè)備具體參數(shù),對(duì)線(xiàn)路、變壓器、電源、負(fù)荷、避雷器等主要設(shè)備在ATP-EMTP仿真軟件中進(jìn)行模型選擇及參數(shù)計(jì)算,完成設(shè)備參數(shù)設(shè)置并搭建該變電站過(guò)電壓仿真模型,對(duì)電容器組合閘、空載線(xiàn)路合閘、空載變壓器合閘、單相接地、直擊雷以及感應(yīng)雷過(guò)電壓等6種常見(jiàn)的典型過(guò)電壓波形進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算,結(jié)合各自過(guò)電壓產(chǎn)生原理,分析并總結(jié)了每一過(guò)電壓波形特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)仿真計(jì)算結(jié)果,進(jìn)行了變電站過(guò)電壓特征量提取的研究。為了對(duì)不同等級(jí)過(guò)電壓波形進(jìn)行比較,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了歸一化處理。依據(jù)不同過(guò)電壓持續(xù)時(shí)間特點(diǎn),對(duì)仿真得到的波形區(qū)間劃分為3個(gè)時(shí)間段,在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)不同波形間的差異選取不同區(qū)間,采用時(shí)域分析法提取了 6個(gè)相對(duì)明顯的特征量,對(duì)直觀上不易區(qū)分的波形,采取小波分析法提取了8個(gè)具有較好差異性的特征量,并利用仿真數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了該14個(gè)特征量差異的有效性。最后,綜合仿真得出的6種變電站過(guò)電壓波形特征,構(gòu)建了基于支持向量機(jī)的過(guò)電壓分層識(shí)別結(jié)構(gòu)并設(shè)計(jì)識(shí)別流程,可由上到下對(duì)所提取的特征量在每層分類(lèi)器中進(jìn)行選擇。為驗(yàn)證該識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的有效性,根據(jù)仿真得到480條過(guò)電壓數(shù)據(jù),240條用于訓(xùn)練,240條用于測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明,本文所采用的支持向量機(jī)的識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確率接近88%,識(shí)別時(shí)間近乎2.5s,相比傳統(tǒng)識(shí)別方法準(zhǔn)確率提升約12%,時(shí)間縮短約3s,該方法準(zhǔn)確性高,速度快,能夠有效對(duì)不同類(lèi)型過(guò)電壓進(jìn)行識(shí)別,為今后防止過(guò)電壓的工程應(yīng)用中提供技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Power system disturbance or fault overvoltage produced is one of the important factors endangering the safety of power grid, overvoltage can destroy the electrical equipment, causing power outages or blackout accident, overvoltage of different type has different principle, the prevention measures are also different. Therefore, how to accurately quickly, identify different types of overvoltage, timely troubleshooting, is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. According to the actual substation wiring and electrical equipment related to specific parameters of the circuit, transformer, power supply, load, main equipment of lightning arrester for model selection and the parameter in the ATP-EMTP simulation software in the calculation, complete set of device parameters and build the substation overvoltage simulation model of capacitor combination switch, no-load circuit switch, transformer no-load switch, single-phase grounding, Direct lightning and lightning over-voltage to 6 kinds of typical voltage waveform is simulated, with their respective overvoltage principle, analyzes and summarizes each waveform characteristics. Based on the simulation results, the research on substation overvoltage feature extraction. In order to compare the different grade voltage waveform and the normalized. According to different voltage duration characteristics of waveform interval division by simulation for the 3 time, on this basis, according to the difference between the different waveform interval, time-domain extraction of 6 relatively obvious characteristic analysis method is used to visually indistinguishable take the 8 waveform extraction has better difference characteristics of wavelet analysis, and using the simulation data to verify the validity of the 14 characteristics of volume differences. Finally, 6 comprehensive results Substation overvoltage waveform characteristics, construct the over-voltage layeredidentification structure design and process identification based on support vector machine, from top to bottom on the features extracted in each layer of the classifier selection. To verify the effectiveness of the recognition system, according to the simulated 480 overvoltage data, 240 for training 240, for testing. The results show that the support vector machine recognition the recognition accuracy rate close to 88%, almost 2.5s time, compared with the traditional identification methods to enhance the accuracy of about 12%, shorten the time of about 3S, the method is of high accuracy, fast speed, can effectively identify the different types of overvoltage, to prevent future provide technical support for engineering application of voltage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM63

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本文編號(hào)：1575328