本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組 節(jié)能診斷 能耗基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài) 降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng) (火用)分析　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源,尤其是電力,是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)和命脈。我國(guó)燃煤發(fā)電長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)占據(jù)總發(fā)電量的百分之七十以上,目前已確立了超(超)臨界高參數(shù)大容量機(jī)組的未來(lái)火電主力地位,其能耗水平已經(jīng)達(dá)到世界一流水平。然而,隨著化石能源的消耗加劇與環(huán)保要求的日益嚴(yán)格,我國(guó)對(duì)大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組的深度節(jié)能的需求日益迫切,“十三五”電力規(guī)劃已對(duì)我國(guó)火電發(fā)電行業(yè)的煤耗與污染物排放提出了新的要求。在此背景下,針對(duì)大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組的節(jié)能診斷研究必將在火電產(chǎn)業(yè)的節(jié)能降耗中起到至關(guān)重要的作用。本研究著眼于大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了能量系統(tǒng)過(guò)程節(jié)能分析方法。綜合考慮機(jī)組能耗在時(shí)空維度上的變化特性,提出了大型燃煤機(jī)組降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng)的概念。在此基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)展了一系列大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組節(jié)能診斷方法的研究。全面揭示了機(jī)組部件性能發(fā)生衰退時(shí)系統(tǒng)能耗的耦合機(jī)理;詳細(xì)分析了火電機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)能耗在各部件之間的耦合規(guī)律,以及能耗與多變邊界條件的依變關(guān)系;研究能耗分析理論方法,表征和確定超低排放能耗基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài),得到機(jī)組降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng),并在此基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)展節(jié)能診斷方法與負(fù)荷優(yōu)化分配應(yīng)用,為大型燃煤機(jī)組的評(píng)價(jià)、改造和優(yōu)化提供了可靠的方法論和實(shí)施手段。首先,應(yīng)用先進(jìn)(火用)分析的思想方法,改進(jìn)了基于熱力學(xué)第二定律的單耗分析方法,將部件的附加單耗分解為內(nèi)因附加單耗和外因附加單耗。其中,前者是由部件自身的不可逆性引起的,而后者是由其它部件的熱力學(xué)缺陷造成的。改進(jìn)后的單耗分析方法能夠描述燃煤機(jī)組的空間能耗水平。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組在不同時(shí)間所處的復(fù)雜多變邊界條件,提出了降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng)概念,量化計(jì)算和評(píng)價(jià)燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組的能耗水平,作為進(jìn)一步節(jié)能診斷工作的依據(jù)。其次,根據(jù)降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng)的概念,結(jié)合能量系統(tǒng)節(jié)能診斷方法,進(jìn)行了三方面的研究應(yīng)用:(1)提出了基于改進(jìn)單耗分析的燃煤機(jī)組部件性能診斷方法,采用一種新型的內(nèi)部(火用)指標(biāo)快速定位故障部件,隨后對(duì)比實(shí)際狀態(tài)與參考狀態(tài)的內(nèi)因附加單耗差異,以量化部件故障的影響,可有效地偵測(cè)部件的性能衰退狀況,為可能的部件故障預(yù)警提供理論依據(jù);(2)在大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組部件性能診斷的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮到大型火電機(jī)組在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中會(huì)面臨復(fù)雜多變的邊界環(huán)境,本文使用多維度、完備性的運(yùn)行與結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù),提出了綜合考慮火電機(jī)組時(shí)空因素的“能耗基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)”,并計(jì)算分析相應(yīng)的降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng)進(jìn)行機(jī)組流程重構(gòu)分析,提出可行的火電機(jī)組節(jié)能措施;(3)針對(duì)大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行過(guò)程中所處的復(fù)雜邊界條件,詳細(xì)分析了邊界條件(負(fù)荷、冷卻水溫度和煤質(zhì)因素)的特點(diǎn),以及邊界條件與火電機(jī)組間的傳熱機(jī)理,并探索了能耗基準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)與邊界環(huán)境的變化規(guī)律。最后,基于降耗時(shí)空效應(yīng)對(duì)大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組進(jìn)行節(jié)能診斷,將診斷結(jié)果分別應(yīng)用于考慮邊界條件和污染物排放的燃煤電廠廠級(jí)負(fù)荷優(yōu)化分配問(wèn)題中�；诨痣姍C(jī)組的海量運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù),引入大數(shù)據(jù)分析方法,獲得機(jī)組不同邊界和運(yùn)行工況下的能耗特性;另外,綜合考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)和排放因素,建立基于物理信息融合的負(fù)荷分配模型,得到機(jī)組煤耗和污染物排放量物理模型與信息模型的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系;以此為基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)展的廠級(jí)負(fù)荷優(yōu)化分配可有效降低火電廠的供電煤耗率,對(duì)火電機(jī)組的節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度具有參考意義。結(jié)合實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)的更多約束,所形成的方法論有潛力切實(shí)地服務(wù)于大型燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行診斷、設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化或改造,以提出具體可行的運(yùn)行策略和改進(jìn)方案。
[Abstract]:Energy, especially electricity, is the foundation and the lifeblood of the national economy. China's coal-fired power generation long since occupy the total generating capacity of more than seventy percent, has established the ultra (ultra) critical high parameter and large capacity units in the future the main power status, its energy consumption level has reached world-class level. However, with the increasing consumption and environmental protection the fossil energy requirements increasingly strict, the depth of China's energy-saving of large coal-fired power units has become increasingly urgent, "13th Five-Year" has been on the electric power planning and thermal power generation industry in China's coal consumption and pollutant emission, put forward new demands. Under this background, the study will energy-saving diagnosis of large coal-fired power plant is very important to the effect of energy saving in thermal power industry in China. This study focuses on the large coal-fired power units, the further development of the analysis method of energy system energy saving in the process of integrated test. Consider the unit energy consumption change characteristics in the temporal dimension, and put forward the concept of space-time effect of the large coal-fired units. On this basis, to carry out a series of studies in large coal-fired power plant energy saving diagnostic method. Reveal the coupling mechanism of the energy consumption of the system components of units performance decline; a detailed analysis of the thermal power unit energy consumption coupling the law between the parts, and the relationship between energy consumption and in accordance with the changeful boundary conditions; analysis theory and method of energy consumption, and to determine the characterization of ultra low emission energy consumption benchmark, unit consumption by spatio-temporal effect, and on this basis, to carry out energy-saving diagnosis method and application for the evaluation of optimal load distribution, large coal-fired units, provide a reliable methodology and means of implementing the transformation and optimization. Firstly, the application of advanced (exergy) analysis method, improved based on the second law of thermodynamics The unit consumption analysis method, the additional consumption components into internal and external additional consumption of additional consumption. Among them, the former is caused by the irreversible component of its own, which is caused by defects in other parts of the thermodynamics. The space consumption of energy consumption level improved analysis method can describe the coal unit. On the basis of and with the large coal-fired power units are located in different time with complex boundary conditions, put forward the concept of time-space effect consumption, quantitative calculation and evaluation of energy consumption of coal-fired generating units, such as further diagnostic work basis. Secondly, according to the concept of saving space and time effect, combined with energy-saving diagnosis method of energy system, the research and application in three aspects: (1) proposed coal-fired unit components performance diagnosis method based on the analysis of consumption, with a new type of internal (exergy) index rapid positioning The fault component, then cause additional consumption differences between the actual state and the reference state, in order to quantify the influence of component failure, can effectively detect the performance of parts of the recession, and provide a theoretical basis for early warning of possible fault components; (2) on the basis of performance diagnosis in large coal-fired power plant parts, taking into account the large thermal power unit will face the complicated boundary environment during operation, this paper use the multi dimension, operation and structure data completeness, the comprehensive consideration of thermal power units in spatial and temporal factors "energy consumption benchmark", and calculation analysis unit flow reconstruction analysis of space-time effect of the corresponding consumption, put forward feasible energy saving measures of thermal power units (3;) for the complicated boundary conditions at large coal-fired power generating units in operation, a detailed analysis of the boundary conditions (load, cooling water temperature and coal quality characteristics, and factors) The mechanism of heat transfer boundary conditions and thermal power units, and to explore the changes of energy consumption benchmark and boundary environment. Finally, the energy-saving diagnosis of large coal-fired generating units of consumption based on time-space effect, the diagnosis results are applied to consider the boundary conditions and the discharge of pollutants from coal-fired power plant optimal load distribution problem in the massive operation data. Thermal power unit based on the introduction of big data analysis method, obtain the energy consumption characteristics of different boundary and under the operating conditions; in addition, considering the economic and emission factors, establish the physical load distribution model based on information fusion, get the corresponding relationship between coal consumption and pollutant emissions of physical model and information model based on the plant; load distribution optimization can effectively reduce the coal consumption rate of thermal power plant, has the reference significance of energy-saving power generation dispatching on power plant. Combined with more constraints of practical design, the methodology formed has potential and practically serves the operation diagnosis, design optimization or transformation of large coal-fired generating units, so as to put forward specific and feasible operation strategies and improvement plans.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM621

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