【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程的加快,各類(lèi)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量急劇攀升,交叉路口承載的負(fù)荷越來(lái)越大。傳統(tǒng)的固定信號(hào)燈配時(shí)方案使車(chē)輛在交叉路口的滯留時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng),而車(chē)輛在滯留期間會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳?xì)怏w,這對(duì)整個(gè)生態(tài)環(huán)境構(gòu)成了巨大威脅。因此,一個(gè)合理的智能交通控制方案對(duì)于改善城市道路交通狀況和提高城市生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文主要以實(shí)時(shí)交通流信息為前提,對(duì)城市道路中單個(gè)交叉路口處車(chē)輛的速度控制和交通信號(hào)燈控制方法進(jìn)行了研究,旨在減少車(chē)輛經(jīng)過(guò)交叉路口時(shí)的紅燈等待時(shí)間以及車(chē)輛二氧化碳排放量。首先,本文概述了交通控制的發(fā)展歷程,并對(duì)幾個(gè)經(jīng)典的道路交通控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析。由于車(chē)流的信息獲取是交通系統(tǒng)控制的基礎(chǔ)和前提,本文介紹了幾種比較成熟的車(chē)輛信息檢測(cè)技術(shù)。此外,本文還從數(shù)學(xué)的角度上對(duì)交叉路口進(jìn)行了描述,分析并探討了交通控制的基本概念以及交通控制優(yōu)化決策方法。其次,本文提出了由速度控制模塊和信號(hào)燈控制模塊組成的單點(diǎn)控制系統(tǒng)。在速度控制模塊中,車(chē)輛的速度和位置通過(guò)V2V和V2R通信方式發(fā)送給速度控制中心,根據(jù)交通信號(hào)燈當(dāng)前的相位和剩余時(shí)間,駕駛者會(huì)收到一個(gè)相關(guān)的反饋速度,這樣可以保證VANETs環(huán)境中的車(chē)輛即使在視距不夠充足的情況下也能以最平滑的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)通過(guò)交叉路口。在信號(hào)控制模塊中,借助于自適應(yīng)巡航控制器的應(yīng)用,控制對(duì)象由離散的車(chē)輛變?yōu)榍昂筌?chē)間距可測(cè)的車(chē)隊(duì)流,當(dāng)車(chē)隊(duì)的頭節(jié)點(diǎn)車(chē)輛進(jìn)入交叉路口的信息偵測(cè)范圍時(shí),車(chē)隊(duì)中其它車(chē)輛的狀態(tài)信息會(huì)以多跳的方式沿著車(chē)輛行駛的方向從后往前傳輸。根據(jù)接收到的實(shí)時(shí)交通流信息,以先進(jìn)先出為基本原則,控制中心會(huì)生成相應(yīng)的信號(hào)燈變化策略以最大程度上避免車(chē)輛停車(chē)等待紅燈。通過(guò)MATLAB仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)可以得出結(jié)論,相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的固定信號(hào)燈配時(shí)方案,本文提出的單點(diǎn)控制系統(tǒng)確實(shí)能夠減少車(chē)輛經(jīng)過(guò)交叉路口時(shí)紅燈等待時(shí)間以及二氧化碳排放量。最后,本文結(jié)合實(shí)際的案例,通過(guò)VISSIM軟件仿真分析指出了傳統(tǒng)的固定信號(hào)燈配時(shí)方案存在的不足之處。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將公交優(yōu)先的信號(hào)控制策略與單點(diǎn)控制系統(tǒng)方案相結(jié)合,提出了一種基于快速公交優(yōu)先的兩級(jí)調(diào)度方案。根據(jù)MATLAB的仿真結(jié)果可以得出,在快速公交優(yōu)先的前提下,該方案依然可以減少普通車(chē)輛通過(guò)交叉路口時(shí)的二氧化碳排放量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization in our country, the number of various kinds of motor vehicles has risen sharply, and the load of intersection has become more and more heavy. The traditional fixed signal timing scheme makes the vehicle stay at the intersection for a long time, while the vehicle will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide gas during the detention period, which poses a great threat to the whole ecological environment. Therefore, a reasonable intelligent traffic control scheme is of practical significance for improving urban road traffic conditions and improving the quality of urban ecological environment. On the premise of real-time traffic flow information, this paper studies the methods of vehicle speed control and traffic signal light control at a single intersection of urban roads. The aim is to reduce red light waiting times and vehicle carbon dioxide emissions at intersections. Firstly, this paper summarizes the development of traffic control, and briefly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several classical road traffic control systems. As the traffic flow information acquisition is the basis and premise of traffic system control, this paper introduces several mature vehicle information detection techniques. In addition, this paper describes the intersection from a mathematical point of view, analyzes and discusses the basic concept of traffic control and the optimal decision method of traffic control. Secondly, this paper presents a single point control system composed of speed control module and signal control module. In the speed control module, the speed and position of the vehicle are sent to the speed control center via the V2V and V2R communication mode. According to the current phase of the traffic signal and the remaining time, the driver receives a related feedback speed. This can ensure that vehicles in VANETs environment can pass through the intersection in the smoothest state of motion even if the sight distance is not enough. In the signal control module, with the application of adaptive cruise controller, the control object is changed from discrete vehicle to vehicle flow which can measure the distance between front and rear vehicles. When the head node vehicle of the motorcade enters the information detection range of intersection, The status information of other vehicles in the motorcade is transmitted backward and forward in a multi-hop manner. According to the received real-time traffic flow information and based on the principle of first-in-first-out (FIFO), the control center will generate the corresponding signal change strategy to avoid the vehicle stopping and waiting for the red light to the greatest extent. The MATLAB simulation results show that compared with the conventional fixed signal timing scheme, the single point control system proposed in this paper can reduce the red light waiting time and the carbon dioxide emission when the vehicle passes through the intersection. Finally, combining with the actual cases, the paper points out the shortcomings of the traditional fixed signal lamp timing scheme through the simulation analysis of VISSIM software. On this basis, combining the signal control strategy of bus priority with the scheme of single-point control system, a two-level scheduling scheme based on bus rapid transit priority is proposed. According to the simulation results of MATLAB, it can be concluded that under the premise of bus rapid transit priority, the scheme can still reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of ordinary vehicles passing through intersections.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.51

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本文編號(hào)：2421563