【摘要】：橫向通風結合大尺度排煙口分段集中排煙,在隧道結構設計以及消防安全救援中體現(xiàn)的諸多優(yōu)點,代表著隧道建設未來新方向,具有廣泛的應用前景。本文以集中排煙隧道道設計特性,搭建了1:20縮尺隧道火災安全實驗模型平臺,對隧道內(nèi)近火源熱參數(shù)以及多擾量耦合作用下煙阻塞效應進行實驗研究。隧道火災危害的根源在火源,無論是研究熱煙氣對于隧道結構的影響,還是研究火源對于周圍物體的熱流,都離不開火源本身的特性即火焰的特性參數(shù)既火焰長度和火焰傾角。在前人已做大量工作的基礎上繼續(xù)改進,把火焰的波動引入到火焰幾何特性參數(shù)中去,分析了不同火焰概率情況下,火源強度以及橫風對于火焰幾何參數(shù)的影響。為了提高實驗結論的適用性,更好的推廣至實際生產(chǎn)中去,選取了多個經(jīng)典隧道火災實驗模型進行了對比,對于文中常用的數(shù)據(jù)都進行了無量綱化處理。對上游垂直風流單獨作用下熱煙氣擴散規(guī)律、近火源輻射特性進行了深入探討,文中把熱煙氣最高溫度位置以概率的形式體現(xiàn)出來,也旁證了火焰的不穩(wěn)定性。定義了輻射系數(shù)k,既輻射熱流與總熱流比值,用以研究近火源輻射特性。借鑒Lubin水箱實驗思路,不同密度流體孔口流出,可能會產(chǎn)生煙阻塞效應現(xiàn)象,對大尺度排煙口下方密度差異較大的熱煙氣與冷空氣引起阻塞效應,進行了實驗研究。隨著火源強度的增加,臨界排煙量也隨之增加,提出對應情況下可以通過測得頂壁下方熱煙氣溫度,為排煙量提供響應變化關系,使排煙效率最大化。實驗分析了橫向風速與臨界排煙量的關系,隨著橫向風速的增加,臨界排煙量也隨之增加,提出了對于橫向風速應該在滿足于煙氣不逆流情況下,最小橫向風速。
[Abstract]:Transverse ventilation combined with large scale smoke exhaust section centralized exhaust, in the tunnel structure design and fire safety rescue embodies many advantages, represents a new direction of tunnel construction, and has a wide range of application prospects. Based on the design characteristics of the tunnel with concentrated exhaust gas, a fire safety experimental platform of 1:20 scale tunnel is built, and the smoke blocking effect under the coupling of the thermal parameters near the fire source and the multiple disturbances in the tunnel is studied experimentally. The origin of tunnel fire hazard lies in the fire source. Whether it is to study the influence of hot smoke on the tunnel structure or to study the heat flow of the fire source to the surrounding objects, the characteristics of the fire source itself, namely, the flame length and the flame inclination angle, can not be separated from the characteristics of the fire source itself. On the basis of a great deal of work done by predecessors, the fluctuation of flame is introduced into the geometric characteristic parameters of flame, and the influence of fire source intensity and crosswind on the geometric parameters of flame is analyzed under different flame probability. In order to improve the applicability of the experimental results and extend them to practical production, several classical tunnel fire experimental models are selected and compared, and the commonly used data in this paper are processed in a dimensionless manner. The characteristics of thermal flue gas diffusion under the action of vertical air flow in the upper reaches are discussed in depth. The maximum temperature position of hot smoke is reflected in the form of probability, and the instability of flame is also proved. The radiation coefficient k, the ratio of the radiant heat flux to the total heat flux, is defined to study the radiation characteristics of the near fire source. Based on the experimental thinking of Lubin water tank, the phenomenon of smoke blockage may occur when the orifice of fluid with different density flows out. The blockage effect caused by hot smoke and cold air under the large scale smoke outlet is studied experimentally. With the increase of the intensity of the fire source, the critical amount of smoke exhaust also increases. It is suggested that under the corresponding circumstances, the hot flue gas temperature under the top wall can be measured to provide a response change relation for the exhaust quantity and maximize the smoke exhaust efficiency. The relationship between the transverse wind speed and the critical smoke exhaust volume is analyzed experimentally. With the increase of the transverse wind speed, the critical smoke exhaust volume also increases. It is proposed that the minimum transverse wind speed should be satisfied with the non-countercurrent of flue gas for the transverse wind speed.
【學位授予單位】：山東建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U458.1;U453

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