發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-06 14:11

【摘要】：公路交通已經(jīng)成為人類出行的首要選擇,在人們生活中起到不可替代的作用。公路作為一種帶狀的結(jié)構(gòu)物,難以避免的穿越不同的地質(zhì)環(huán)境,會(huì)遇到各種類型的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。為此,提高公路抵御自然災(zāi)害能力已是一種趨勢(shì),尤其是在地質(zhì)環(huán)境較差的地區(qū)。由于黃土的特殊性質(zhì),使修建在陜北黃土地區(qū)的公路容易出現(xiàn)黃土崩塌災(zāi)害。為減少災(zāi)害對(duì)公路、人員等造成的損失和傷亡,有必要開展該區(qū)域公路的黃土崩塌災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)研究,對(duì)黃土地區(qū)公路邊坡災(zāi)害治理和減災(zāi)防災(zāi)工作具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本論文以G210延安段為依托工程,針對(duì)黃土地區(qū)公路崩塌災(zāi)害,從災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性、承載體易損性兩個(gè)方面開展研究,進(jìn)而分析黃土邊坡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并提出評(píng)價(jià)方法。首先,廣泛收集國內(nèi)外關(guān)于黃土崩塌災(zāi)害的相關(guān)資料,通過對(duì)G210延安段的黃土崩塌災(zāi)害的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研,搜集分析歷史災(zāi)害資料,分析了黃土崩塌災(zāi)害的類型及特點(diǎn)。其次,通過定性與定量分析相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)邊坡的黃土崩塌災(zāi)害進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性分析。分析確定了黃土崩塌災(zāi)害的危險(xiǎn)因子以及影響機(jī)理。根據(jù)主要危險(xiǎn)因子作用特點(diǎn),對(duì)典型的災(zāi)害點(diǎn)進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià),為邊坡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)提供依據(jù)。同時(shí),運(yùn)用定量分析的方法進(jìn)行邊坡穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算,并將穩(wěn)定系數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為危險(xiǎn)概率與定性分析結(jié)果對(duì)應(yīng)。再次,根據(jù)崩塌災(zāi)害機(jī)理和黃土地區(qū)公路邊坡的特征,對(duì)邊坡的易損性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。在邊坡的危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)、易損性評(píng)價(jià)和期望損失評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出邊坡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方法及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)。最后,根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)確定邊坡所遭受破壞的可接受水平,有針對(duì)性的采取相應(yīng)的治理對(duì)策,并對(duì)工程實(shí)例邊坡進(jìn)行了說明。
[Abstract]:Road traffic has become the primary choice of human travel, and plays an irreplaceable role in people's lives. Highway as a kind of belt structure, it is difficult to avoid through different geological environment, will encounter various types of geological disasters. Therefore, it is a trend to improve highway resilience to natural disasters, especially in areas with poor geological environment. Because of the special nature of loess, loess collapse is easy to occur on the highway built in loess area of northern Shaanxi. In order to reduce the losses and casualties caused by disasters to highway and personnel, it is necessary to study the risk assessment of loess collapse disaster of highway in this region, which has important guiding significance for highway slope disaster management and disaster mitigation and prevention work in loess area. Based on the project of G210 Yan'an section, aiming at the disaster of highway collapse in loess area, this paper studies the hazard risk and the vulnerability of bearing body, and then analyzes the risk of loess slope and puts forward the evaluation method. First of all, extensive collection of domestic and foreign information on loess collapse disaster, through the field investigation of loess collapse disaster in G210 Yan'an section, collect and analyze the historical disaster data, and analyze the types and characteristics of loess collapse disaster. Secondly, the hazard of loess collapse is analyzed by the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The risk factors and influencing mechanism of loess collapse disaster are analyzed and determined. According to the action characteristics of main risk factors, the risk assessment of typical disaster points is carried out, which provides the basis for slope risk assessment. At the same time, the slope stability is calculated by the quantitative analysis method, and the stability coefficient is converted to the risk probability corresponding to the qualitative analysis results. Thirdly, according to the mechanism of collapse disaster and the characteristics of highway slope in loess area, the vulnerability of slope is evaluated. On the basis of risk assessment, vulnerability evaluation and expected loss evaluation of slope, the risk assessment method and risk classification of slope are put forward. Finally, according to the risk evaluation to determine the acceptable level of slope damage, targeted to take appropriate measures to control the slope, and engineering examples of the slope were explained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U418.55

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本文編號(hào)：2314510