本文選題：行人 + 過街行為　； 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市交通問題一直是研究的熱點，行人和機(jī)動車一直是研究的主題。隨著機(jī)動車保有量的劇增，有限的道路資源進(jìn)一步被機(jī)動車占用，居民出行環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化，導(dǎo)致交通事故頻發(fā)，因此交通安全研究迫在眉睫。 本文首先對交叉口的違章特性進(jìn)行了分析。定義了行人違章過街，根據(jù)實際調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，討論了行人自身特性如性別、年齡對違章的影響，并對不同信號燈形式對行人的違章行為影響進(jìn)行了探討，為交叉口的違章過街模型構(gòu)建奠定基礎(chǔ)。 行人的違章過街行為受到多種因素的影響，包括主觀因素如行人違章意愿，客觀因素如交叉口設(shè)計、信號配時、車頭時距分布等。行人的違章行為是交通事故的導(dǎo)火索，因此本文在特性分析基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用貝葉斯決策理論方法構(gòu)建交叉口的行人違章率模型。行人過街狀態(tài)劃分為順利過街和延誤過街，行人過街的潛在損失包括由于信號燈和車輛干擾產(chǎn)生的時間損失、安全損失以及違章的法律損失。行人守法過街時，時間損失主要受信號配時如交叉口的紅燈時間以及行人到達(dá)交叉口的時刻影響；違章過街時車頭時距分布決定行人的延誤時間。采用威布爾分布描述交叉口不同轉(zhuǎn)向車流的車頭時距分布，推導(dǎo)不同過街形式下的行人延誤。根據(jù)實際數(shù)據(jù)，標(biāo)定車頭時距分布模型，選取北京市典型交叉口，通過收集行人違章數(shù)據(jù)驗證模型準(zhǔn)確性。 在模型驗證的基礎(chǔ)上，采用單因素分析法對違章率模型的影響參數(shù)如信號配時和車道數(shù)進(jìn)行靈敏性分析，探求交叉口行人違章的主要影響因素、次要影響因素，并以違章率為目標(biāo)對交叉口的運行情況進(jìn)行評價，并根據(jù)參數(shù)靈敏性分析為交通管理者提出交叉口優(yōu)化、改進(jìn)的建議。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic has been a hot topic, pedestrian and motor vehicles have been the subject of research. With the rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles, the limited road resources are further occupied by motor vehicles, and the travel environment of residents further deteriorate, resulting in frequent traffic accidents, so the study of traffic safety is urgent. In this paper, first of all, the characteristics of intersection violations are analyzed. According to the actual investigation data, this paper discusses the influence of pedestrian's own characteristics such as sex and age on the violation, and discusses the influence of different signal light forms on the pedestrian's illegal behavior. It lays a foundation for the construction of cross-street model. Pedestrian traffic violations are affected by many factors, including subjective factors such as pedestrians' willingness to violate regulations, objective factors such as intersection design, signal matching time, headway time distribution, and so on. Pedestrian behavior is the trigger of traffic accidents. Based on the characteristic analysis, this paper uses Bayesian decision theory to construct the pedestrian violation rate model of intersection. Pedestrian crossing state is divided into smooth crossing and delay crossing. The potential loss of pedestrian crossing includes time loss, safety loss and illegal legal loss caused by signal lights and vehicle interference. When pedestrians cross the street with the law, the time loss is mainly affected by the signal timing such as the red light time at the intersection and the time when the pedestrian arrives at the intersection, and the pedestrian delay time is determined by the distribution of the front distance when the pedestrian crosses the street in violation of the regulations. Weibull distribution is used to describe the headway distance distribution of different steering traffic at intersections and the pedestrian delay in different crossing forms is deduced. According to the actual data, the model is calibrated, and the typical intersection in Beijing is selected to verify the veracity of the model by collecting the data of pedestrian violations. On the basis of model verification, single factor analysis method is used to analyze the sensitivity of the model parameters such as signal timing and lane number, and to find out the main influencing factors and secondary factors of pedestrian violations at intersections. Based on the analysis of the sensitivity of the parameters, the optimization and improvement of the intersection are put forward according to the analysis of the traffic parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.23

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本文編號：1917238