發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-18 02:22

  本文選題：速度 + 視錯(cuò)覺��； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)道路交通事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,公路通車?yán)锍滩粩嘣鲩L(zhǎng),道路交通事故頻繁發(fā)生,人的因素是引起交通事故的主要因素。根據(jù)有關(guān)研究資料表明,將近90%事故是由機(jī)動(dòng)車駕駛?cè)撕托腥嗽斐傻�。分析駕駛行為可以發(fā)現(xiàn),超速行駛是引起事故發(fā)生和使得事故嚴(yán)重程度增大的一個(gè)非常重要因素。因此,應(yīng)該在事故多發(fā)路段設(shè)置有效的速度控制設(shè)施,降低車輛運(yùn)行速度,從根本上減少由超速引發(fā)的事故,以提升道路交通安全水平。目前在我國(guó)應(yīng)用比較廣泛的控速設(shè)施有限速標(biāo)志和各類強(qiáng)制性控速設(shè)施,這些減速設(shè)施有的限速效果較差,有的盡管能收到較好減速效果,但對(duì)行車舒適性影響較大,可能會(huì)影響車輛運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性,且噪音大,工程造價(jià)高。利用人眼視錯(cuò)覺原理設(shè)計(jì)的減速標(biāo)線,基于駕駛員心理特點(diǎn),主動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)駕駛員降低車速,控速效果較好,且具有造價(jià)低、壽命長(zhǎng)、不降低行車舒適性、不產(chǎn)生噪音等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在國(guó)內(nèi)外得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但由于缺乏相應(yīng)的規(guī)范或指南進(jìn)行指導(dǎo),現(xiàn)階段往往憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)施劃視錯(cuò)覺減速標(biāo)線,導(dǎo)致其在使用中出現(xiàn)了一些問題。本研究通過深入探究相關(guān)領(lǐng)域資料和研究成果,分析駕駛員的動(dòng)態(tài)視覺特性及心理特性及其影響因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上,首先提出一種新型的視錯(cuò)覺減速標(biāo)線設(shè)計(jì)理念,并依據(jù)影響駕駛員速度感知和視覺信息的因素對(duì)其主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),并初步組合出11組不同參數(shù)的組合方案。為了保證實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)減速效果評(píng)價(jià)的可信度,并減少實(shí)際道路實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)不必要的工作量,首先選擇20名被試駕駛員在仿真平臺(tái)上對(duì)這些方案的效果進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),從中選擇出被試駕駛員認(rèn)為減速效果較好的3組進(jìn)行實(shí)際道路實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文共選擇6名資深駕駛員,對(duì)優(yōu)選的減速標(biāo)線方案進(jìn)行實(shí)際道路試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)過程中應(yīng)用動(dòng)態(tài)生理檢測(cè)儀器采集駕駛員行車過程中的心率數(shù)據(jù),并記錄行車速度數(shù)據(jù)。以數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)和數(shù)學(xué)建模等理論方法為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)位置與速度進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證減速標(biāo)線的控速有效性,對(duì)位置與心率增長(zhǎng)率進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證減速標(biāo)線的控速安全性,并最終選擇出最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合的標(biāo)線形式。研究成果可為道路管理和設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)部門提供一定理論依據(jù)及參考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of road traffic in our country, the mileage of highway traffic is increasing, and road traffic accidents occur frequently. The human factor is the main factor causing traffic accidents. According to research data, nearly 90% of accidents are caused by motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians. By analyzing the driving behavior, it is found that speeding is a very important factor to cause accidents and increase the severity of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to set up effective speed control facilities to reduce the speed of vehicles and to reduce accidents caused by speeding in order to improve the level of road traffic safety. At present, the speed control facilities which are widely used in our country have speed limit signs and various kinds of compulsory speed control facilities. Some of these deceleration facilities have poor speed limit effect, and some have a great impact on driving comfort, although they can receive better deceleration effect. May affect the stability of the vehicle operation, and noise, high engineering cost. Based on the psychological characteristics of the driver, the deceleration line designed by the principle of human visual illusion can actively induce the driver to reduce the speed, which has the advantages of low cost, long service life, no reduction of driving comfort, no noise, and so on. It has been widely used at home and abroad. However, due to the lack of relevant norms or guidelines for guidance, at the present stage, it is often based on experience to design the deceleration line of optical illusion, which leads to some problems in its use. In this study, the dynamic visual and psychological characteristics of drivers and their influencing factors are analyzed by deeply exploring the relevant field data and research results. On the basis of this, a new concept of optical illusion deceleration line design is put forward. The main design parameters are designed according to the factors that affect the driver's speed perception and visual information, and 11 groups of different parameter combination schemes are preliminarily combined. In order to ensure the reliability of the evaluation of the deceleration effect in the experiment and reduce the unnecessary workload in the actual road experiment, 20 drivers were selected to carry out the simulation experiments on the simulation platform. Three groups of drivers who thought the deceleration effect were better were selected to carry out the actual road experiments. In this paper, a total of 6 senior drivers are selected to carry out practical road tests on the selected deceleration line scheme. In the course of the test, the heart rate data of drivers are collected by using dynamic physiological testing instruments, and the driving speed data are recorded. On the basis of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling and other theoretical methods, this paper analyzes the position and velocity, verifies the effectiveness of the speed control of the deceleration line, analyzes the position and the rate of growth of heart rate, and verifies the safety of the speed control of the deceleration line. Finally, the marking form of the optimal parameter combination is selected. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management and facility design department.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.52

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本文編號(hào)：1903955