本文選題：小汽車　切入點：交通出行碳排放　出處：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市交通碳排放是城市碳排放的三大主要來源之一,而小汽車是城市交通出行方式中碳排放強度最高的交通方式。揭示小汽車交通出行碳排放在空間上分布規(guī)律,對于降低小汽車交通出行碳排放,控制交通整體碳排放量,創(chuàng)建低碳出行環(huán)境,構建低碳交通出行體系均具有十分重要的意義。本文以西安市為例,以小汽車為對象,構建了基于城市交通模型的小汽車交通出行碳排放計算方法,然后依托西安市城市交通模型和2012年《空間規(guī)劃與低碳西安》調(diào)查等基礎數(shù)據(jù),利用CUBE軟件和ArcGIS軟件對基礎數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,用校核更新后的模型輸出結果計算得到西安市小汽車交通出行碳排放量。分別從宏觀主體和微觀主體的角度,選取不同的分析單元,對西安市小汽車交通出行碳排放在空間的分布情況進行統(tǒng)計分析,探討小汽車交通出行碳排放的軌跡特征,了解并掌握城市空間參數(shù)、城市交通參數(shù)和微觀主體的屬性與小汽車交通出行碳排放的關系。對微觀主體的小汽車交通出行碳排放的空間分布特征進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),微觀主體的小汽車交通出行碳排放在空間上分布不均勻,但小汽車交通出行碳排放量總體上差異不大。較少比例的微觀主體,產(chǎn)生了較多的小汽車交通出行碳排放。不同的家庭收入、不同的出行者的年齡、性別、職業(yè)和受教育程度,小汽車交通出行碳排放的特點不同。針對微觀主體的小汽車交通出行碳排放軌跡分析發(fā)現(xiàn),一環(huán)區(qū)域內(nèi)的有車家庭和小汽車出行者的小汽車交通出行碳排放量低于調(diào)查樣本的平均值,其它三個區(qū)域的有車家庭和小汽車出行者的小汽車交通出行碳排放量均高于平均值,這在一定程度上與區(qū)域內(nèi)居民的小汽車出行距離有關。隨著小汽車出行距離的增加,小汽車出行者的碳排放也在增加。通過分析各個區(qū)域出行者的出行軌跡和出行碳排放因子發(fā)現(xiàn),小汽車碳排放因子越高的區(qū)域,小汽車交通出行碳排放量不一定高,出行軌跡越靠近市中心,道路網(wǎng)的運行情況越差,車速越低,小汽車碳排放因子就越高,單位距離的小汽車碳排放量相對較高。對宏觀主體的小汽車交通出行碳排放的空間分布特性分析發(fā)現(xiàn):在起訖點上,全市范圍內(nèi)交通小區(qū)高峰小時小汽車交通出行碳排放分布不均勻;以環(huán)線為單元,小汽車碳排放的高值點分布在城市一環(huán)至二環(huán)間和三環(huán)外的區(qū)域,低值點出現(xiàn)二環(huán)至三環(huán)間和一環(huán)內(nèi)區(qū)域。在實際路網(wǎng)上,以環(huán)線為單元,越靠近城市中心,小汽車運行情況逐漸變差,平均碳排放因子逐漸升高,單位車輛碳排放增加;以道路等級為單元,主干路和次干路車輛運行情況較好,車輛平均碳排放因子較低,支路上的小汽車碳排放因子最高,而主干路上的碳排放量最大,快速路和高速(國、省)次之,次干路和支路小汽車出行碳排放量最低。利用多元線性回歸的方法,對宏觀主體的城市空間參數(shù)、城市交通參數(shù)與小汽車交通出行碳排放的關系分析發(fā)現(xiàn),人口密度、用地多樣性、道路網(wǎng)密度等變量對小汽車交通出行碳排放影響顯著。人口密度和用地多樣性與小汽車交通出行碳排放正相關,而道路網(wǎng)密度則與小汽車交通出行碳排放負相關。針對宏觀主體的小汽車交通出行碳排放的軌跡發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著環(huán)線的遞增,環(huán)線區(qū)域內(nèi)的交通小區(qū)的碳排放量,無論是產(chǎn)生量還是吸引量,均是逐漸增加。一環(huán)內(nèi)的交通小區(qū)之間,小汽車出行的路徑進分布在一環(huán)內(nèi),碳排放也只分布在一環(huán)內(nèi)的路網(wǎng)上;一環(huán)內(nèi)交通小區(qū)與一環(huán)-二環(huán)間交通小區(qū)之,碳排放僅分布在一環(huán)內(nèi)和一環(huán)-二環(huán)間的路網(wǎng)上,且在一環(huán)內(nèi)的路網(wǎng)上排放量多于一環(huán)-二環(huán)間的路網(wǎng)上的排放量;一環(huán)-二環(huán)間交通小區(qū)之間,碳排放僅分布在一環(huán)內(nèi)和一環(huán)-二環(huán)間的路網(wǎng)上,但在一環(huán)-二環(huán)間的路網(wǎng)上的排放量遠多于在一環(huán)內(nèi)的路網(wǎng)上排放量。對比國內(nèi)外其他學者在不同城市的交通出行碳排放的研究結果,本文的計算結果在可接受范圍內(nèi),計算方法可取。本文對于小汽車交通出行的碳排放計算是將城市交通模型與小汽車交通碳排放模型相結合,并且分析了小汽車交通出行碳排放的完整分布特性,是其他研究中沒有考慮和應用到的。
[Abstract]:City traffic carbon emissions is one of the three major sources of carbon emissions in the city, and the car is the traffic carbon emission intensity of city traffic mode in the highest car traffic carbon emissions. In order to reveal the distribution in space, to reduce car traffic control traffic overall carbon emissions, carbon emissions, creating a low carbon travel environment. Has the very important significance of the construction of low carbon transportation system. Taking Xi'an city as an example, with the car as the object, constructs the calculation method of car traffic carbon emissions based on city traffic model, and then based on the Xi'an city traffic model and spatial planning of low carbon and 2012 < Xi'an > investigation of basic data processing on the basis of data using CUBE software and ArcGIS software, calculated Xi'an city car traffic carbon emissions by the output of the model checking after the update. From macroscopical and microcosmic point of view, select the different units of analysis, statistical analysis of the distribution of Xi'an city car traffic carbon emissions in space, to explore the trajectory characteristics of car traffic travel carbon emissions, to understand and grasp the city spatial parameters, relationship property and car traffic emissions and city traffic parameters the car traffic. The spatial distribution of the carbon emission characteristics of microcosmic analysis found that car traffic carbon emissions in a spatially inhomogeneous micro subject, but the small car traffic overall carbon emissions is insignificant. Micro small proportion, the car traffic carbon emissions more different family income, different travelers age, gender, occupation and education level, car traffic carbon emissions characteristics The same. For the car traffic emission trajectory microscopic analysis found that a ring area of the car and the car out of the average family car traffic emissions lower than the sample value of the traveler, the other three areas have a car and a car family car traffic travel carbon emissions were higher than the average traveler the residents and the region, to a certain extent, car travel distance. With the increase of the distance of car travel, car makers of carbon emissions are also increasing. Through the analysis of each region found travel path and travel carbon emission factor, carbon emission factors of higher car, car traffic carbon emissions not necessarily high, the travel path more close to the city center, operation of road network is poor, lower speed, the higher the carbon emission factors of the car, the car unit distance Carbon emissions are relatively high. The car traffic analysis found that the spatial distribution of the carbon emission characteristics of macro subject: in the starting point, within the scope of the city traffic peak hour car traffic carbon emissions distribution is not uniform; to link as a unit, high value distribution in the city a ring to ring and ring outside the region car emissions, low value point near to the Sanhuan between and within a ring area. In the actual road link to the Internet, as a unit, the more close to the city center, car operation gradually becomes poor, the average carbon emission factor gradually increased, the increase in carbon emissions per unit of vehicles; road grade for the unit, and the main road road vehicles running in good condition, the average vehicle emissions factor is low, the branch of carbon emission factors of carbon emissions and the highest car, trunk road, expressway and high-speed (country, province) of secondary roads Branch and car minimum carbon emissions. Using the method of multiple linear regression, city spatial parameters on macro subject, analysis of the relationship between city traffic parameters and traffic car carbon emissions, population density, land use diversity, road network density variables on traffic travel carbon emissions significantly. The population density and use the variety of cars and traffic emissions are related, and the density of road network and car traffic carbon emissions is negative. For the car traffic carbon emissions trajectory of the macro subject, with the increasing link, link regional carbon emissions traffic in the area, whether it is still attract amount, are all gradually increased. A ring of traffic, car travel path into distribution in a ring, carbon emissions are only distributed in a ring within a ring road network; traffic The traffic zone area and a ring - ring of carbon emissions is only distributed in a ring and a ring ring between the road network, road network and emissions emissions in a ring of more than one ring ring between the road network; traffic between a ring ring, carbon emissions only the distribution in a ring and a ring ring between the road network, but the emissions in a ring - ring between the road network is far more than the road net emissions in a ring. Compared with other scholars at home and abroad research results in the traffic carbon emissions of different city, the computed results are in acceptable within the scope of calculation. This paper combines the desirable calculation of city traffic model and car traffic carbon emission model for car traffic carbon emissions, and analyzes the car traffic carbon emissions complete distribution is not considered and applied to other research.

【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.9;X734.2

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本文編號：1636833