本文選題：黃土暗穴　切入點(diǎn)：微結(jié)構(gòu)特征　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：山西省地形復(fù)雜,主要由山區(qū)和丘陵構(gòu)成,其中黃土分布范圍占山西總面積的66.7%,黃土覆蓋區(qū)極大,特殊的生態(tài)環(huán)境導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的水土流失,加之黃土本身孔隙大、結(jié)構(gòu)疏松、濕陷性明顯,導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)極易發(fā)生水土流失、山體滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等自然災(zāi)害。這些災(zāi)害極大程度上增加了各種工程的設(shè)計(jì)難度、施工難度以及維護(hù)難度。特別是對(duì)于道路工程,其產(chǎn)生的影響更為突出和惡劣。對(duì)于水土流失、山體滑坡泥石流等常見(jiàn)多發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害,在大量經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上的到了很好的控制。然而,在以晉西為代表的山西黃土覆蓋區(qū)出現(xiàn)的由不同類(lèi)型黃土暗穴誘發(fā)的路面塌陷問(wèn)題卻成為了一種潛在的自然災(zāi)害隱患,且常常容易被忽視。在大量文獻(xiàn)資料和實(shí)地野外調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合室內(nèi)相關(guān)試驗(yàn),本文對(duì)黃土暗穴的形成機(jī)理及治理方法進(jìn)行了研究和分析。分別對(duì)黃土本身具有的崩解性、濕陷性和滲透性以及這三方面導(dǎo)致的黃土暗穴形成的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。利用宏觀破壞現(xiàn)象描述與微觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究相結(jié)合的方法,揭示了黃土暗穴的形成機(jī)理,具體歸納為沖蝕作用、濕陷作用、潛蝕作用、崩解作用。此外,研究了黃土暗穴對(duì)公路的危害,揭示了公路受黃土暗穴影響的危害模式及致災(zāi)機(jī)理�？偨Y(jié)了黃土暗穴對(duì)公路不同部位的危害形式及其特點(diǎn),掌握了其危害模式和致災(zāi)機(jī)理。針對(duì)山西省晉西地區(qū)的特殊地理特點(diǎn),分析和討論了比較適合該區(qū)域的治理方法。結(jié)合山西省黃土暗穴的特征,重點(diǎn)介紹了明挖回填法和注漿法兩種常用方法。本文綜合理論分析與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)及室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)的研究方法,按照發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、探討問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的研究思路,在大量實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)之上,分別對(duì)水泥漿、粘土漿和水泥粘土漿不同配比下作為充填漿體時(shí)的凝結(jié)時(shí)間和硬化后的抗壓性能進(jìn)行研究。并對(duì)不同方法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析,具有一定的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)借鑒和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The terrain of Shanxi Province is complex, which is mainly composed of mountains and hills. The loess distribution area accounts for 66.7% of the total area of Shanxi. The loess covers a large area, and the special ecological environment causes serious soil erosion, in addition, the loess itself is porous and its structure is loose. The obvious collapsibility makes the area prone to soil erosion, landslides, debris flows, ground collapses and other natural disasters. These disasters greatly increase the design difficulties of various projects. Construction difficulty and maintenance difficulty. Especially for road engineering, its impact is more prominent and bad. For soil erosion, landslide and debris flow and other common natural disasters, On the basis of a great deal of experience, it has been well controlled. However, the problem of pavement collapse induced by different types of loess caverns in the loess overburden area of Shanxi Province, represented by the west of Shanxi, has become a potential natural hazard. Based on a large amount of literature and field investigation, combined with laboratory experiments, this paper studies and analyzes the formation mechanism and treatment methods of loess dark caverns. The mechanism of formation of loess dark caverns caused by collapsibility and permeability is analyzed systematically. The formation mechanism of loess dark caverns is revealed by combining the description of macroscopic damage phenomenon with the study of microstructure. It is summed up specifically as erosion, collapsibility, subsurface erosion and disintegration. In addition, the harm of loess hidden caverns to highway is studied. This paper reveals the harm mode and disaster mechanism of highway affected by loess hidden cave, and summarizes the damage forms and characteristics of loess hidden cave to different parts of highway. According to the special geographical characteristics of Shanxi Province, this paper analyzes and discusses the treatment methods which are more suitable for this area, combined with the characteristics of the loess caverns in Shanxi Province. This paper mainly introduces two common methods, open excavation backfill method and grouting method. This paper synthesizes the theoretical analysis, field measurement and indoor test research methods, according to the problem found, analyzes the problem, discusses the problem, and solves the problem. On the basis of a large number of laboratory tests, respectively, This paper studies the setting time and compressive performance of the different ratio of clay slurry and cement clay slurry as filling slurry and analyzes the application of different methods in the field, which has certain reference and guiding significance in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U416.1

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本文編號(hào)：1634704