本文關鍵詞：車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡高效信道接入控制機制研究　出處：《山東大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET)作為移動自組織網(wǎng)絡(Ad-Hoc Network)的最新應用領域,在智能交通系統(tǒng)(Intelligent Transportation System, ITS)中的重要性日益顯現(xiàn)。在VANET中,車載單元(On Board Unit, OBU)以自組織方式動態(tài)組網(wǎng),實現(xiàn)了彼此之間信息的實時交互。同時,OBU也可以通過路邊單元(Roadside Unit, RSU)與遠程用戶、交通管理中心、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和3G/4G移動電話網(wǎng)絡進行通信。VANET對于提高智能交通系統(tǒng)的安全性、舒適性,以及交通管理效率具有十分重要的意義。頒布于2010年的車輛環(huán)境無線接入(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, WAVE)標準,對在智能交通系統(tǒng)中傳輸交通管理信息和應用信息分別制定了不同的分層體系結構和協(xié)議棧。IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議屬于WAVE中媒體接入控制(Media Access Control, MAC)層和物理層(Physics Layer, PHY)的子協(xié)議,在無線信道劃分和通信方式等方面對VANET進行了規(guī)范。在5.850GHz-5.925GHz頻率范圍內(nèi)劃分了一個控制信道(Control Channel, CCH)和六個服務信道(Service Channels, SCHs)供VANET使用,通信方式采用正交頻分復用(Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技術。其中,CCH用來傳輸與交通安全有關的控制信息,SCHs用來傳輸其它各類應用信息。由于IEEE 802.11p VANET采用了多信道復用技術,信道接入控制機制對于協(xié)調各信道的工作,提高信息傳輸效率具有重要的作用。論文基于IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議標準,研究不同交通環(huán)境下VANET的高效信道接入控制機制。主要內(nèi)容如下：論文首先闡述了課題的研究目的與意義,然后介紹了車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡的體系結構和IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議,以及車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展趨勢和應用前景。在此基礎上,討論了車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡的研究現(xiàn)狀和熱點問題,重點分析了與課題相關的VANET在信道接入控制方面的研究工作。提出了一種基于動態(tài)隊列管理算法的增強分布信道接入(Enhanced Distributed Channel Access, EDCA)改進協(xié)議,通過對不同接入類型(Access Category, AC)的數(shù)據(jù)幀傳輸時延進行檢測與估計,實現(xiàn)了優(yōu)先級隊列的動態(tài)管理,使數(shù)據(jù)幀的隊列分配能夠自適應各隊列的負載狀況和通信質量。提出了一種基于隨機競爭方式的VANET信道接入控制機制(Contention-Based Channel Access Control, CBCAC),在控制信道和服務信道上劃分了兩類數(shù)據(jù)幀優(yōu)先級,將基于動態(tài)隊列管理算法的EDCA改進協(xié)議應用于信道的接入控制。同時,針對服務信道提出了一種信道預約算法,可以根據(jù)服務信道的通信質量和業(yè)務量實時調整信道預約概率。分析表明,所提方案在網(wǎng)絡負載較輕時具有較好的性能。針對高密度VANET,提出了一種基于時分復用的信道協(xié)同方案(Time Division Multiplexing Channel Coordination, TDMCC),可以根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡的工作條件動態(tài)調整控制信道和服務信道的接入時間,并在服務信道接入期引入了無競爭的時分復用信道分配方式。在網(wǎng)絡負載較重時,該方案能夠保證控制信道的傳輸效率,同時也兼顧了服務信道的吞吐量。研究了車輛自組織網(wǎng)絡控制信道信息安全傳輸機制。提出了一種基于動態(tài)帶寬分配算法的VANET身份認證方案,并采用非對稱加密算法、基于不確定推理的信任度檢測算法、混沌加擾和跳頻通信技術進一步提高了控制信道信息傳輸?shù)陌踩耘c可靠性。對IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議的物理層標準進行了剖析,給出了實現(xiàn)物理層協(xié)議的完整通信方案,并針對基于動態(tài)帶寬分配算法的控制信道信息安全傳輸機制設計了相應的物理層通信系統(tǒng)。最后,在MATLAB中構建仿真模型測試了物理層的通信性能。論文最后對所做的工作進行了總結。討論了課題需進一步解決的問題及后續(xù)工作的重點和難點,并對課題今后的研究思路進行了展望。
[Abstract]:Vehicle self-organizing network (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET) as mobile ad hoc network (Ad-Hoc Network) the latest applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems (Intelligent Transportation, System, ITS) in the increasingly important. In VANET, the on-board unit (On Board Unit, OBU) with self-organizing dynamic network to realize the real-time information interaction between each other. At the same time, OBU also by the roadside unit (Roadside Unit RSU) and remote users, traffic management center, the Internet and 3G/4G mobile phone network communication.VANET to improve security, intelligent traffic system comfort and has very important significance and the efficiency of traffic management. Vehicle environment wireless access issued in 2010 (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, WAVE), on the transmission of traffic management information and application of information in intelligent transportation system. Developed a different hierarchical architecture and protocol stack of.IEEE 802.11p protocol is WAVE media access control (Media Access Control, MAC) and physical layer (Physics, Layer, PHY) of the sub protocols in wireless channel partition and communication mode were the norm for VANET. In the frequency range of 5.850GHz-5.925GHz into a the control channel (Control Channel, CCH) and six service channel (Service Channels, SCHs) for the use of VANET communication using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM) technology. Among them, CCH is used to control the transmission of information concerning traffic safety, SCHs used to transmit all kinds of other information. Due to the IEEE application 802.11p VANET uses multi channel multiplexing, channel access control mechanism for the coordination of each channel, it is important to improve the efficiency of information transmission based on IE. The EE 802.11p protocol, efficient channel access control mechanism of different traffic environment of VANET. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the purpose and significance of the subject, and then introduces the IEEE architecture and 802.11p protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks, as well as the development trend of vehicle self-organizing network and application prospect. On this basis, discuss the research status and hot issues of vehicular ad hoc networks, analyzes the issues associated with the VANET in the channel access control research work. This paper proposed an enhanced distributed channel access dynamic queue management algorithm based on (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access EDCA) protocol, through different types of access (Access Category. AC) data frame transmission delay estimation and detection, to achieve the dynamic management of the priority queue, the data frame queue allocation to To adapt to the load status and the communication quality of each queue. Proposes a VANET channel access control mechanism based on random competition (Contention-Based Channel Access Control, CBCAC), the control channel and service channel is divided into two categories of data frame priority access protocol used in channel dynamic queue management algorithm based on EDCA control. At the same time, in view of the service channel presents a channel reservation algorithm, according to the service quality of communication channel and traffic real-time adjustment of channel reservation probability. The results show that the proposed scheme, the load is light and has better performance in the network. For the high density of VANET, this paper proposes a collaborative scheme of channel time division multiplexing based on the (Time Division Multiplexing Channel Coordination, TDMCC), according to the working conditions of the dynamic adjustment of network access time control channel and service channel, And the introduction of TDM channel distribution mode without competition in the service channel access. When network load is heavy, the scheme can ensure the transmission efficiency of the control channel, while also taking into account the service channel throughput of vehicular ad hoc network control channel information security transmission mechanism. This paper proposes a VANET authentication scheme the dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm based on the non symmetric encryption algorithm, uncertain reasoning trust detection algorithm based on Chaotic Scrambling and frequency hopping communication technology to further improve the safety and reliability of the control information transmission channel. The physical layer of IEEE standard 802.11p protocol is analyzed, given the complete communication scheme of physical layer according to the agreement, and the design of physical layer communication system the corresponding control channel information transmission mechanism based on dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. Finally, in MA The simulation model is built in TLAB to test the communication performance of the physical layer. Finally, the paper summarizes the work done, discusses the problems that need further solution, and the key points and difficulties of the follow-up work, and looks forward to the future research ideas of the subject.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U463.67;U495

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