【摘要】：在當前時代,隨著經濟全球化地迅猛發(fā)展,國際間經濟聯(lián)系愈加緊密。隨著遠洋船舶的大型化、船舶數量增多以及航速加快,航運業(yè)在全球經濟往來中起到重要支撐作用越加突出。與之同時出現的是海上意外事故的增加,特別是船舶碰撞導致船體結構破損、貨物損壞、人員傷亡,油品泄漏導致環(huán)境污染等嚴重后果。 一旦船舶發(fā)生碰撞破損或者擱淺后,一方面將導致船體結構的強度減弱；另一方面由于船體破損進水,導致船體的最終浮態(tài)和舷外水載荷發(fā)生變化。本文對船體強度的研究現狀進行了研究,并對船舶極限強度的計算方法分類進行了對比分析。結合當下船舶碰撞事故多發(fā)的時代背景,有必要對破損船體剩余強度進行研究。 本文基于ANSYS有限元工程軟件,按照《散貨船共同結構規(guī)范》中的船舶有限元模型的建立要求,研究相關破損船體的強度與載荷的指標。通過有限元模擬船舶在幾種典型的裝載狀態(tài)下,船舶破艙后各個主要構件的應力變化,達到對破損船體的剩余強度的研究與分析。模型船型將選取散貨船為例,利用ANSYS建立非線性有限元艙段模型,模擬出散貨船在特定的裝載狀態(tài)、艙段在不同的破口工況下,對所模擬艙段的關鍵節(jié)點、單元的應力與未破艙時的相應節(jié)點處的應力進行對比、分析與研究。按照壓載、輕貨滿載、重貨滿載三種典型裝載狀態(tài)進行比較分析,結果表明重貨滿載和輕貨滿載由于裝載貨物密度的不同(密度比為3.0：0.8),重貨滿載狀態(tài)下的貨艙構件的應力會比輕貨滿載要大,其破口時應力更大,對船舶構件的影響更加危險；對比船舶在菱形破口、矩形破口、以及未破口情況下的各個主要構件的應力,結果顯示船舶在同等破口面積下,具有尖角或者不規(guī)則形狀的破口狀態(tài)時,破口附近應力更為集中,對船體強度的損傷更大。根據分析的結果,希望能為散貨船營運過程中遇到的問題能夠起到一定的指導作用。
[Abstract]:In the current era, with the rapid development of economic globalization, international economic ties become more and more close. With the large-scale of ocean-going ships, the increasing number of ships and the speed of navigation, the shipping industry plays an important role in the global economic exchanges and plays an increasingly prominent role. At the same time, the increase of accidents at sea, especially the ship collision resulting in ship structure damage, cargo damage, casualties, oil leakage resulting in environmental pollution and other serious consequences. Once the ship is damaged or stranded, on the one hand, the strength of the hull structure will be weakened, on the other hand, the final floating state and outboard water load of the hull will change due to the damage of the hull into the water. In this paper, the research status of hull strength is studied, and the classification of calculation methods of ship ultimate strength is compared and analyzed. It is necessary to study the residual strength of damaged ship hull according to the times background of frequent collision accidents. Based on the ANSYS finite element engineering software and according to the requirements of the ship finite element model in the Code for Common structure of bulk carriers, the strength and load indexes of damaged hull are studied in this paper. In order to study and analyze the residual strength of damaged hull, the stress changes of the main components of ship are simulated by finite element method under several typical loading conditions. Taking bulk carrier as an example, the nonlinear finite element segment model is established by using ANSYS to simulate the key nodes of the simulated segment in the specific loading state and under different breakout conditions of the bulk carrier, and the key nodes of the simulated segment are simulated under different breakout conditions, and the nonlinear finite element segment model is established by using the finite element method (FEA). The stress of the element is compared with the stress of the corresponding node when the chamber is not broken, and the analysis and research are carried out. According to the three typical loading states of ballast, light cargo full load and heavy cargo full load, the results show that heavy cargo full load and light cargo full load are different due to different loading density (density ratio is 3.0 脳 0.8). The stress of cargo cabin component under full load condition of heavy cargo is greater than that of light cargo, and the stress is greater when breaking, and the influence on ship component is more dangerous. Comparing the stresses of the main components of the ship under diamond, rectangular and unbroken conditions, the results show that the ship has a sharp angle or irregular shape of the breakout under the same area of the break, and the results show that the ship has a sharp angle or an irregular shape of the breakout under the same breaking area. The stress in the vicinity of the break is more concentrated and the damage to the hull strength is greater. According to the results of the analysis, we hope to play a guiding role for the problems encountered in the operation of bulk carriers.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U661.43

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本文編號：2458561