本文選題：陶瓷化反應(yīng) + 甲基乙烯基硅橡膠　； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了降低日常生活中由于火災(zāi)而造成的人身以及財(cái)產(chǎn)危害,防火阻燃材料成為其中的關(guān)鍵問題。以前添加含鹵阻燃劑,如十溴二苯醚,盡管阻燃效果優(yōu)異,但是燃燒過程中釋放了大量有毒有害的煙霧,被國內(nèi)環(huán)保法禁用。目前主要采用無鹵、低煙橡膠制品,例如硅橡膠乙丙橡膠、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯橡膠等,盡管有一定的幫助,但是長期使用時(shí)殘余物沒有足夠的強(qiáng)度維持其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性,可能導(dǎo)致二次危害發(fā)生,限制了其更廣泛的應(yīng)用�？商沾苫柘鹉z復(fù)合材料作為一種防火阻燃材料,在高溫環(huán)境下已經(jīng)取得了廣泛的應(yīng)用,有望在防火阻燃領(lǐng)域也有一定的使用價(jià)值。本論文以甲基乙烯基硅橡膠(VMQ)為基體,通過添加高嶺土作為成瓷填料,制備了可以在高溫環(huán)境下發(fā)生陶瓷化反應(yīng),生成具有自支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的陶瓷體。本論文使用高嶺土作為成瓷填料添加至硅橡膠基體中制備陶瓷化硅橡膠復(fù)合材料。TG-DSC測試顯示,添加高嶺土填料能夠明顯提高材料的熱穩(wěn)定性能,當(dāng)高嶺土的添加量為40wt%時(shí),殘留率為50.23%,而純硅橡膠的殘留率為37.33%。另外添加低熔點(diǎn)玻璃粉作為助溶劑,可以明顯降低材料的T5以及Tmax,起始分解溫度從417℃降至387℃,峰值分解溫度也有50~70℃范圍內(nèi)的變化,最多時(shí)從512.4℃降至446.9℃。微觀結(jié)構(gòu)SEM結(jié)果顯示,Kaolin/frits/VMQ大約從800℃左右發(fā)生有機(jī)-無機(jī)的陶瓷化轉(zhuǎn)變,表面完整,沒有明顯裂紋或者空洞現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。掃面電鏡分析在軟化溫度范圍內(nèi),基體中會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量連續(xù)均勻的熔融狀小球,EDS顯示這些小球正是添加的玻璃粉助劑,它們此時(shí)可以很好的將基體與高嶺土填料粘接起來。分析陶瓷化過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)CaO與基體的降解產(chǎn)物SiO2大約在600~800℃形成硅鈣石wollastonite以及斜硅鈣石larnite,其中在703℃時(shí)吸熱轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠邘X土,隨后再一次受熱轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟獊硎?并且最后在12000C時(shí)出現(xiàn)了CaAl2O4的衍射峰。添加硼酸鋅作為另一種助溶劑,制備陶瓷化硅橡膠復(fù)合材料。TG-DSC分析發(fā)現(xiàn)此時(shí)的殘留率有較大變化,添加量為15wt%時(shí),殘留率為57.63%,高于Kaolin/frits/VMQ,而T5以及Tmax則略有降低,沒有添加玻璃粉時(shí)明顯。SEM掃描圖像顯示,大約從600℃開始,材料內(nèi)部就會(huì)變致密均勻的網(wǎng)格狀,溫度越高,網(wǎng)格中空洞越小,在800℃時(shí)有十分明顯的致密化變化,而當(dāng)煅燒溫度達(dá)到1000℃時(shí),基體材料中會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的熔融液相,從EDS能譜分析發(fā)現(xiàn)此為“低共熔混合物”(eutectic mixture)能夠?qū)⒒w材料中的二氧化硅與高嶺土成瓷填料很好的粘接起來,起到“橋連”的作用,于是可以在著火點(diǎn)以下發(fā)生固化,待冷卻之后即可形成陶瓷結(jié)構(gòu),所以在此溫度下煅燒獲得的陶瓷體強(qiáng)度最高,結(jié)構(gòu)最完整,表面裂紋也是最少的。添加高硅氧玻璃纖維作為增強(qiáng)材料可以有效改善陶瓷化硅橡膠的熱力學(xué)性能。以玻璃粉為助溶劑時(shí),殘留率從54.00%提升至63.00%,另一組添加硼酸鋅的硅橡膠復(fù)合材料也從57.63%提高到65.12%。同時(shí)兩者的彎曲性能在600℃之后有明顯的提高,在1000℃時(shí)達(dá)到最大值分別為1.89MPa,2.01MPa,較增強(qiáng)之前提高了1.19MPa和1.22MPa。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce the physical and property damage caused by fire in daily life, fire-retardant and fire-retardant materials have become the key problem. Halogen, low smoke rubber products, such as silicone rubber ethylene propylene rubber, vinyl acetate vinyl acetate rubber, etc., although some help, but in the long term use residue is not enough strength to maintain the integrity of its structure, may lead to two hazards and limited its wider application. Ceramic silicone composite material can be used as a fire protection. The flame retardant material has been widely used in the high temperature environment. It is expected to have a certain use value in the field of fire retardant and flame retardancy. In this paper, methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) was used as the matrix and kaolin was added as a porcelain filler. The ceramic reaction could be produced in high temperature environment, and the ceramic with self supporting structure was formed. The application of kaolin as a ceramic filler to the preparation of ceramic silicone rubber composite material in silicone rubber matrix.TG-DSC test shows that the addition of kaolin filler can obviously improve the thermal stability of the material. When the addition of kaolin is 40wt%, the residual rate is 50.23%, and the residual rate of pure silicone rubber is added to 37.33%.. The low melting point glass powder, as a cosolvent, can obviously reduce the T5 and Tmax of the material. The initial decomposition temperature is reduced from 417 to 387, and the peak decomposition temperature is also in the range of 50~70 C. At most, from 512.4 to 446.9 C, the microstructure SEM results show that the organic and inorganic ceramics turn around from about 800 degrees C. In the range of softening temperature, there will be a large number of continuous and uniform melting balls in the matrix, and EDS shows that these balls are the addition of glass powder additives. At this point, they can well bond the base with the kaolin filler. It was found that the degradation product SiO2 of CaO and the matrix formed about wollastonite of silicolite and larnite of the diagonal calcite at 600~800 C, in which the endothermic change into the metakaolin at 703 C, then the heat converted to mullite again, and the diffraction peak of CaAl2O4 at the end of 12000C, and the addition of zinc borate as a solvent to prepare pottery. The.TG-DSC analysis of ceramic silicone composites found that the residual rate was greatly changed at this time. When the addition amount was 15wt%, the residual rate was 57.63%, higher than that of Kaolin/frits/VMQ, while T5 and Tmax decreased slightly. When the glass powder was not added, the.SEM scanning image showed that the material would become dense and uniform in the meshes from about 600 degrees C. The higher the degree, the smaller the hole in the mesh, the more obvious densification at 800 C, and when the calcining temperature reaches 1000, the new molten liquid will appear in the matrix material. From the EDS spectrum analysis, it is found that the "low eutectic mixture" (eutectic mixture) can make the silica and kaolin in the base material good. It plays the role of "bridge connection", so it can be cured under the ignition point, and the ceramic structure can be formed after cooling, so the ceramic body obtained by calcining at this temperature is the highest, the structure is the most complete, and the surface crack is the least. Adding high silicon oxygen glass fiber as the reinforcing material can effectively improve the ceramics. When glass powder is used as a cosolvent, the residual rate is increased from 54% to 63%, and the other group of silicon rubber compound with zinc borate is increased from 57.63% to 65.12%., and the flexural properties of the two are obviously improved at 600 degrees C, and the maximum value is 1.89MPa, 2.01MPa at 1000 degrees centigrade, before the enhancement. Improved 1.19MPa and 1.22MPa.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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