本文關(guān)鍵詞：紡織品與復(fù)合材料低速沖擊性能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試研究　出處：《上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 低速沖擊 紡織品 復(fù)合材料 聚類分析 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試

【摘要】：隨著高空墜物、交通事故等人身安全事故的頻發(fā),低速沖擊類防護(hù)裝備的研究與開發(fā)成為紡織品與復(fù)合材料領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)的沖擊測試儀器局限于材料本身的沖擊損傷或破壞相關(guān)指標(biāo)的檢測,尚難以實(shí)現(xiàn)人體防護(hù)的完備指標(biāo)測試。為此,上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)和萊州電子儀器有限公司合作研制SHLJ-LSIT-01型低速沖擊測試儀用于紡織品與復(fù)合材料的低速沖擊性能表征,該儀器能檢測低速沖擊作用時(shí)防護(hù)材料對被防護(hù)對象的防護(hù)效果,并實(shí)時(shí)記錄表征低速沖擊性能的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。由于該裝置尚處于工業(yè)化應(yīng)用的初級階段,相關(guān)的檢測指標(biāo)和測試方法仍需完善,需要制定一套相對科學(xué)的、合理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測試方法,并對相關(guān)測試指標(biāo)進(jìn)行深入的系統(tǒng)性研究。本課題從測試條件、樣品歸類、輔助材料的選擇、測試方法等方面開展沖擊試驗(yàn)、理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)論證,嘗試建立紡織品與復(fù)合材料低速沖擊性能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試方法,并基于該測試方法對經(jīng)編間隔織物的壓縮性能和沖擊防護(hù)性能進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性表征和研究分析。本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括四個(gè)方面:(1)在前期設(shè)計(jì)完成的新型沖擊防護(hù)檢測儀器的基礎(chǔ)上,提出可用于沖擊防護(hù)測試的6個(gè)檢測指標(biāo):“剩余沖擊載荷”、“峰值持續(xù)時(shí)間”、“沖擊加速度峰值”、“材料破損情況”、“系統(tǒng)吸收能量”和“材料吸收能量”,該六項(xiàng)指標(biāo)可作為表征材料的沖擊隔離防護(hù)能力的常用檢測項(xiàng);(2)以測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為目的,研究了樣品尺寸、硅膠緩沖層厚度變化與剩余沖擊載荷之間的關(guān)系。在本論文的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,得到如下的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:一般柔性材料尺寸增加或減小對剩余沖擊載荷值影響不大,而剛性材料尺寸改變會導(dǎo)致剩余沖擊載荷發(fā)生變化,當(dāng)正方形的剛性材料的邊長增加到10cm時(shí),剩余載荷值隨尺寸增加變化趨緩,為便于實(shí)驗(yàn)操作,本論文的樣品規(guī)格統(tǒng)一設(shè)定為邊長為10cm的正方形;硅膠緩沖層的尺寸變化和層數(shù)增減都會對剩余沖擊載荷測試數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生影響,但對于定性比較試驗(yàn)而言,硅膠緩沖層的改變不會對實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響,因此基于保護(hù)傳感器的目的,本論文的沖擊測試至少添加一層邊長為12cm的正方形硅膠緩沖層。(3)根據(jù)紡織品和復(fù)合材料的低速沖擊特性,通過聚類分析(SPSS軟件)對測試材料進(jìn)行樣品分類。紡織品可分為兩類,第一類以機(jī)織物、針織物、無紡布為代表的二維紡織品,第二類為以多層機(jī)織物、多層針織物、多層無紡布、羊毛氈、經(jīng)編間隔織物為代表的準(zhǔn)三維紡織品;復(fù)合材料分為三類:第一類為剛性復(fù)合材料、雙剛性面疊層復(fù)合材料,第二類為柔性復(fù)合材料、雙柔性面疊層復(fù)合材料,第三類為柔剛各一面的復(fù)合材料。通過對樣品的分類管理,設(shè)定和完善適用于各個(gè)類別的測試方法,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對相關(guān)測試方法的規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。文中根據(jù)各種類材料沖擊測試過程中存在的問題提出解決方案,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證準(zhǔn)確性和合理性,分類制定了適合于各種紡織品和復(fù)合材料的測試方法。(4)基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試方法,對經(jīng)編間隔織物的壓縮性能與沖擊防護(hù)性能關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究。通過低速沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)編間隔織物的壓縮性能與其低速沖擊防護(hù)性能具有相關(guān)性,經(jīng)多元線性回歸建立了壓縮彈性壓縮模量等參數(shù)與剩余沖擊載荷值的關(guān)系模型,結(jié)果表明此模型可有效預(yù)測試樣彈性壓縮模量參數(shù)與剩余沖擊載荷值之間的相互關(guān)系。嘗試建立經(jīng)編間隔織物的沖擊吸能模型,并發(fā)現(xiàn):一般情況下,較低速下彈性模量小的材料沖擊防護(hù)能力好,較高速下彈性模量大的材料沖擊防護(hù)能力好,但不能單獨(dú)以材料的彈性模量或塑性壓縮表現(xiàn)來判斷材料沖擊防護(hù)能力好壞。彈性模量小、塑性壓縮階段高度低且持續(xù)時(shí)間長的織物與彈性模量大、塑性壓縮階段高的織物存在一個(gè)剩余沖擊載荷值相同的沖擊等價(jià)速度,沖擊速度低于該速度時(shí),彈性模量小的材料剩余沖擊載荷值小,高于該速度時(shí)彈性模量大的材料剩余沖擊載荷值小,適當(dāng)改造材料壓縮特性可提高其低速沖擊防護(hù)能力。
[Abstract]:With falling objects, frequent traffic accidents and personal safety accidents, the research and development of low impact class protective equipment has become a hot research topic in the field of textile and composite materials. The impact of the traditional instrument detection limits to the material itself impact damage or failure related indicators, it is difficult to achieve complete test body protection. Therefore, characterization of the Shanghai University of Engineering Science and the Laizhou Electronic Instrument Co. Ltd. cooperation in the development of type SHLJ-LSIT-01 low velocity impact tester for textile composites with low velocity impact, the instrument can detect low velocity impact protection material of the protected object protective effect, the index and real-time recording characterization of low velocity impact performance. Because the device is still in the primary stage in industrial application, testing indicators and related test methods still need to improve, need to develop a set of Science The standard test method of reasonable, and in-depth and systemic study on the related test index. From the test condition, sample classification, auxiliary material selection, testing method of impact test, theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration, try a standardized test method of establishing textile composite material with low velocity impact the performance, and based on the test method of spacer compression performance and impact protective performance of fabric for the systematic characterization and analysis. The main research contents of this thesis include the following four aspects: (1) based design model of impact protection testing instruments are finished in the early, this can be used for the impact of 6 detection index of protection test: "residual impact load", "peak duration", "shock acceleration", "material damage", "system of energy absorption and energy absorption materials", The six indexes can be used as a common test material characterization of shock isolation protection; (2) to test the standard for the purpose of sample size, the relationship between the silica buffer layer thickness changes and residual impact load. In the condition of this paper, the results are as follows: general flexible material size increase or decrease the value has little effect on the residual impact load, and the rigid material size change will lead to residual impact load change, when the length of rigid material square increased to 10cm, the remaining load value changes slowly increase with the size, in order to facilitate the experimental operation, the unified sample specifications set to the side length of 10cm square silica gel; buffer layer and layer number or size change will affect the residual impact load test data, but for the comparison of qualitative tests, no change of silica buffer layer Has a substantial effect on the experimental results, thus protect the sensor based on the purpose of this paper to add impact test at least one layer of side length of square silicone buffer layer 12cm. (3) according to the characteristics of low velocity impact textile and composite materials, through cluster analysis (SPSS software) for classification of the test samples can be divided into textile materials. The two class, first class with woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven textiles 2D as representatives of the second class to the multi-layer woven fabric, multilayer knitted fabric, multilayer non-woven fabric, wool, quasi three-dimensional textile warp knitted spacer fabric represented; composite materials are divided into three types: the first one is the rigid composite material, double rigid the surface of laminated composite materials, second kinds of flexible composite material, double flexible laminated composite material, third is just the soft side of the composite material. Through the management of the sample set, and perfect for each class The other test methods, so as to realize the related test method standard. According to the existence of various types of material impact test problems in the course of solution, through experimental verification of the rationality and accuracy of classification, to develop the test method is suitable for various kinds of fabrics and composite material. (4) standard test method based on the compression performance and the impact of warp knitted spacer fabric protective performance relationship was studied. By low velocity impact test found that the compression properties of warp knitted spacer fabrics with low velocity impact protection performance is closely related to establish the relationship model of compression modulus of elastic compression parameters and the residual value of the impact load by multiple linear regression, the results show that this model the relationship can effectively predict the elastic modulus of compression parameters and residual impact load value. Try to establish a spacer fabric impact energy absorption. Type, and found that: under normal circumstances, the lower speed of materials under impact of low elastic modulus protection capability, high speed elastic modulus of the material impact protection ability is good, but not alone with the elastic modulus of the material or plastic compression to determine the performance of material impact protection ability. Small elastic modulus, plastic compression stage low height and long duration of the fabric with high elastic modulus, plastic compression stage fabric has a high residual value impact equivalent impact load at the same speed, the impact velocity is lower than the speed, elastic modulus and small residual impact load value is small, the remaining material impact load large elastic modulus is higher than the speed when the value is small, the appropriate transformation materials can improve the compression characteristics of low velocity impact protection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TS101.923;TB33

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