上海水域溢油應(yīng)急能力評價研究
[Abstract]:In recent years, Shanghai Port's annual foreign trade throughput has accounted for about 20 percent of the country's major coastal ports. In 2012, Shanghai Port cargo throughput was 736 million tons, an increase of 1.1 percent over the same period last year. Dangerous goods in and out of the port are maintained at the level of 65000 times, oil, dangerous goods in and out of the port about 50 million tons. The busy water transportation is one of the main sources of water pollution accidents. The Yangtze River Estuary and some parts of the Huangpu River in the Shanghai Port area are the main sources of daily water use for Shanghai residents. Once oil spills occur to pollute the water intake areas, the secondary disasters will suffer serious losses. This puts forward higher requirements to Shanghai Port water safety supervision and pollution emergency capability. From 1999 to 2012, 189 oil and chemical pollution accidents occurred in Shanghai Port, and the accumulative leakage amount of oil and chemicals was nearly 2800t, with an average of 14.54 pollution accidents per year. Therefore, it is necessary to make an objective evaluation of the oil spill emergency capability in Shanghai waters, to understand the actual level of oil spill emergency response ability, to find out the deficiency and to put forward the construction direction. The Ministry of Communications issued the "National Water Traffic Safety Supervision and Relief system layout Plan", Both the 12th Five-Year Plan of Transportation and the 12th Five-Year Plan of Shanghai Maritime Bureau have put forward the goal and direction for the construction of oil spill emergency in the future, which also provides the research direction for this paper. It is found that most of the evaluation results of regional oil spill emergency capacity are qualitative, which is not enough to measure or guide the construction of regional oil spill emergency capacity. This paper summarizes the present situation of domestic and foreign research, analyzes the oil spill accidents in Shanghai waters in the past ten years and the situation of oil and dangerous goods entering and leaving port in the last three years, and refers to the relevant guidelines for oil spill emergency evaluation at home and abroad. The evaluation index system of oil spill emergency response capacity in Shanghai waters is constructed, and the combination weight of the index system is weighted by AHP, entropy and game theory, and the concept of negative weight is introduced, and a reasonable subjective and objective comprehensive weight is obtained. Based on the data of emergency equipment in Shanghai water area, using the unascertained mathematical evaluation model to evaluate the oil spill emergency capability of Shanghai water area, the maximum oil spill capacity of an oil spill accident in Shanghai water area can be obtained. It solves the problem of quantification of the evaluation results, and provides a reference for the investment emphasis and construction direction of the hardware facilities in Shanghai oil spill emergency capacity construction in the future, which has certain practical application and guiding significance. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the construction and development of oil spill emergency capacity in Shanghai waters from the aspects of future planning and construction, resource utilization, emergency linkage and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:U698.7
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