【摘要】：大多數(shù)煤與瓦斯突出的發(fā)生和復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造有關(guān),這些區(qū)域的煤層被構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)破壞成了碎裂煤、碎粒煤或糜棱煤,構(gòu)造軟煤發(fā)育。而石門揭煤突出又是煤與瓦斯突出事故中強(qiáng)度最高和危險(xiǎn)性最大的一種礦井瓦斯動(dòng)力現(xiàn)象。因此,研究地質(zhì)構(gòu)造影響下石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤的突出特性,采取相應(yīng)的防治措施對(duì)煤礦安全高效生產(chǎn)具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文首先對(duì)構(gòu)造軟煤的物理力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行研究,然后建立石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤的物理模型,并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室搭建石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤的試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)進(jìn)行相似模擬試驗(yàn),結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬取得了以下主要研究成果： 綜合分析了構(gòu)造軟煤的物理力學(xué)特性及其對(duì)煤與瓦斯突出的影響。微孔隙發(fā)育、比表面積大、吸附能力強(qiáng)和滲透性低使構(gòu)造軟煤能夠保存較多的瓦斯；力學(xué)強(qiáng)度低使構(gòu)造軟煤抵御外力作用的能力降低。構(gòu)造軟煤的物理力學(xué)特性是導(dǎo)致構(gòu)造軟煤帶容易發(fā)生煤與瓦斯突出的重要原因。 在地質(zhì)構(gòu)造和煤與瓦斯突出關(guān)系的研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了壓性斷層帶石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤突出的試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ�。模型中有一落差大于煤層厚度的逆斷�?在斷層上盤(pán)發(fā)育有褶曲,使煤層厚度發(fā)生了變化,總結(jié)了該試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷幕咎卣鞑⑦M(jìn)行了力學(xué)分析。 基于相似模擬試驗(yàn)思想和地質(zhì)力學(xué)模型試驗(yàn)思路,針對(duì)淮南礦區(qū)11-2突出煤層的頂?shù)装鍘r性及力學(xué)參數(shù),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了壓性斷層帶石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤的相似模擬試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)研究了石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤過(guò)程中煤巖的應(yīng)力和位移的變化規(guī)律,突出過(guò)程中煤層內(nèi)瓦斯壓力變化規(guī)律,充氣和突出過(guò)程中溫度和聲發(fā)射的變化規(guī)律。 利用數(shù)值模擬軟件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了壓性斷層帶石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤的數(shù)值模型并進(jìn)行了求解,研究了石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤過(guò)程中的應(yīng)力演化、裂隙發(fā)展和瓦斯運(yùn)移規(guī)律。發(fā)現(xiàn)斷層附近存在異常的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng),并與由開(kāi)挖導(dǎo)致的集中應(yīng)力相互疊加；瓦斯在突出的啟動(dòng)和發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。 最后,通過(guò)對(duì)相似模擬試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果分析得出：壓性斷層帶石門揭構(gòu)造軟煤突出是一個(gè)由開(kāi)挖導(dǎo)致的集中應(yīng)力和異常的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力首先使構(gòu)造軟煤內(nèi)的彈性潛能增加,為瓦斯撕裂煤體發(fā)生突出創(chuàng)造條件；然后,瓦斯使破碎的煤體失穩(wěn),在較高的瓦斯壓力梯度下攜帶碎煤拋出的一個(gè)過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Most of the coal is related to the occurrence of gas outburst and complicated geological structure. The coal seams in these areas have been destroyed by tectonic movement into broken coal, broken coal or minced coal, and developed structural soft coal. The coal outburst in Shimen is the most powerful and dangerous gas dynamic phenomenon in coal and gas outburst accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and practical value to study the outburst characteristics of soft coal in Shimen structure under the influence of geological structure and to take corresponding preventive measures for the safe and efficient production of coal mines. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of structural soft coal are studied, and then the physical model of structural soft coal is established, and the similar simulation test is carried out on the test platform of Shimen structure soft coal in laboratory. The main research results are as follows: the physical and mechanical properties of structural soft coal and its influence on coal and gas outburst are comprehensively analyzed. Micropore, large specific surface area, strong adsorption ability and low permeability can preserve more gas in structural soft coal, and low mechanical strength can reduce the ability of structural soft coal to resist external force. The physical and mechanical properties of structural soft coal are the important reasons for the easy occurrence of coal and gas outburst in the structural soft coal zone. Based on the research results of geological structure and the relationship between coal and gas outburst, a test model of soft coal outburst in Shimen structure of compressional fault zone is established. In the model, there is a reverse fault with a drop greater than the thickness of the coal seam, and a fold is developed in the upper face of the fault, which changes the thickness of the coal seam. The basic characteristics of the test model are summarized and the mechanical analysis is carried out. Based on the idea of similarity simulation test and the train of thought of geomechanical model test, a similar simulation test of soft coal in Shimen exposed structure of compressible fault zone was carried out in the laboratory, aiming at the roof and floor rock properties and mechanical parameters of outburst seam 11-2 in Huainan mining area. The variation law of stress and displacement of coal and rock during the process of shimen uncovering soft coal structure, the variation law of gas pressure in coal seam during outburst, and the variation of temperature and acoustic emission during aeration and outburst are studied experimentally. Using the numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, a numerical model of soft coal in Shimenjie structure of compressive fault zone is established and solved. The stress evolution, fracture development and gas migration during the process of shimenjie structural soft coal are studied. It is found that there is an abnormal tectonic stress field near the fault, which is superimposed with the concentrated stress caused by excavation, and gas plays an important role in the start-up and development of the outburst. Finally, by analyzing the results of similar simulation tests and numerical simulations, it is concluded that the outburst of the structural soft coal in the compressive fault zone is a concentrated stress caused by excavation and abnormal tectonic stress, which firstly increases the elastic potential of the structural soft coal. Creating conditions for gas tearing coal body outburst; Then, the gas destabilizes the broken coal and carries the broken coal out at a higher gas pressure gradient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD713

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