發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-15 23:03

【摘要】：隨著近年來(lái)各類災(zāi)害事故的頻發(fā)，人們?cè)蕉嗟貙⒛抗饩奂骄葹?zāi)工作上。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，通用航空在應(yīng)急救援中發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。與其他應(yīng)急救援方式相比，以直升機(jī)為主的通用航空救援飛行具有快速、高效、受地理空間限制較少等優(yōu)勢(shì)，是世界各國(guó)普遍采用且最有效的應(yīng)急手段。 我國(guó)航空救援體系的建設(shè)正在各方的推動(dòng)下快速發(fā)展。目前具備的航空應(yīng)急救援能力不僅與災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的國(guó)情不相適應(yīng)，也與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的水平不相適應(yīng)。隨著我國(guó)低空空域逐步開放，未來(lái)民用直升機(jī)的市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，因此推進(jìn)通用航空發(fā)展，建立航空應(yīng)急救援體系，優(yōu)化直升機(jī)救援方法，增強(qiáng)航空救援和應(yīng)急服務(wù)保障能力已刻不容緩。 目視航圖作為通用航空飛行的必備情報(bào)資料，是直升機(jī)飛行的安全保障。本文擬將目視航圖數(shù)字化，研發(fā)滿足通用航空飛行需求的目視航圖符號(hào)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)基于空間信息技術(shù)的直升機(jī)應(yīng)急救援目視航圖計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)助制圖，直接讀取航行要素，便于執(zhí)行救援任務(wù)時(shí)對(duì)救援目的地地形的直觀分析，選取最佳飛行路徑。 為了與國(guó)際接軌，中國(guó)民航將在未來(lái)幾年里從BJ54坐標(biāo)過(guò)渡到使用國(guó)際民航組織規(guī)定的WGS84坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。本文利用GPS (全球定位系統(tǒng)，，Global PositioningSystem)實(shí)測(cè)的WGS84坐標(biāo)與已公布的該點(diǎn)的BJ54坐標(biāo)，采用布爾薩七參數(shù)法，計(jì)算出轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)，再應(yīng)用到GIS (地理信息系統(tǒng)，Geographic Information System)軟件中，進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。 由于直升機(jī)常用于應(yīng)急救援，飛行目的地的位置、地形和氣象情況都具有隨機(jī)性，飛行任務(wù)具有突發(fā)性，因此在丘陵山地為代表的典型復(fù)雜地形區(qū)域飛行，直升機(jī)的飛行路徑受限于地形和氣象條件。對(duì)于地形條件復(fù)雜的區(qū)域，必須考慮直升機(jī)性能對(duì)飛行路徑進(jìn)行優(yōu)化選擇。為保證直升機(jī)在復(fù)雜地形區(qū)域的飛行安全，本文利用空間信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)，根據(jù)復(fù)雜地形的典型模型，結(jié)合指定直升機(jī)機(jī)型的飛行性能，研究不同目標(biāo)函數(shù)下的直升機(jī)應(yīng)急救援最佳路徑算法與GIS實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of disasters and accidents in recent years, the more people focus on disaster relief work. It is not difficult to find that general aviation has played an irreplaceable role in emergency rescue. Compared with other emergency rescue methods, the helicopter based general aviation rescue flight has the advantages of fast, efficient and less limited by geographical space. It is the most effective and widely used emergency means in the world. The construction of China's aviation rescue system is developing rapidly under the impetus of all parties. The capability of aviation emergency rescue not only does not adapt to the situation of frequent disasters, but also to the level of social and economic development. With the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in our country, the market potential of civilian helicopters in the future is huge. Therefore, the development of general aviation, the establishment of aviation emergency rescue system, and the optimization of helicopter rescue methods are promoted. Enhance aviation rescue and emergency services support capacity has been urgent. As the necessary information of general aviation flight, visual chart is the safety guarantee of helicopter flight. This paper plans to digitize visual chart, develop visual map symbol system to meet general aviation flight demand, realize computer aided drawing of helicopter emergency rescue visual chart based on spatial information technology, and directly read navigation elements. It is convenient to analyze the terrain of the rescue destination and choose the best flight path. In order to keep pace with the world, CAAC will transition from BJ54 coordinate system to WGS84 coordinate system stipulated by ICAO in the next few years. In this paper, using GPS (Global Positioning system, Global PositioningSystem) measured WGS84 coordinates and published BJ54 coordinates of this point, the transformation parameters are calculated by using the seven parameter method of Bursa, and then applied to GIS (Geographic Information system, Geographic Information System) software. Transform the coordinate system. Because helicopters are often used in emergency rescue, the location of the flight destination, terrain and meteorological conditions are all random, and the mission is unexpected, so they fly in the typical complex terrain area, which is represented by hilly and mountainous areas. The helicopter's flight path is limited by terrain and weather conditions. For regions with complex terrain conditions, helicopter performance must be considered to optimize the flight path. In order to ensure the flight safety of the helicopter in the area of complex terrain, this paper uses space information science and technology, according to the typical model of complex terrain, combined with the flight performance of the designated helicopter model. The optimal path algorithm and GIS implementation for helicopter emergency rescue under different objective functions are studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)民用航空飛行學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：V275.1;V328;TP391.72

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